Table 1.
Design parameters of four inhalation toxicology studies.
| CELSD level | Designation | Type | Products tested | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aerosol chemistry | THS 2.2 | [56] | |
| 1 | Aerosol chemistry | CHTP 1.2 | [6] | |
| 1 | Ultra-fine carbon-based particles | THS 2.2 | [57] | |
| 1 | Ultra-fine carbon-based particles | CHTP 1.2 | this work | |
| 3 | Standard genotoxicity and cytotoxicity | In vitro neutral red, Ames, and mouse lymphoma assays. | THS 2.2 | [56] |
| 3 | Standard genotoxicity and cytotoxicity | In vitro neutral red, Ames, and mouse lymphoma assays. | CHTP 1.2 | |
| 2,3,4 | OECD rat THS 2.2 | Nose-only 90-day OECD rat study | 3R4F, THS 2.2 | [58] |
| 2,3,4 | OECD rat CHTP 1.2 | Nose-only 90-day OECD rat study | 3R4F, CHTP 1.2 | (Phillips et al.; Titz et al.) |
| 2,3,4,5 | ApoE−/− mice #1 | Whole-body 8-month ApoE−/− study (+ switch/cessation after 2 months) | 3R4F, THS 2.2 | [[59], [60], [61], [62], [63]] |
| 2,3,4,5 | ApoE−/− mice #2 | Whole-body 6-month ApoE−/− study (+ switch/cessation after 3 months) | 3R4F, THS 2.2, CHTP 1.2 | [64] |
| 3,4 | Organotypic nasal THS 2.2 | In vitro exposure of organotypic nasal cultures at the air–liquid interface | THS 2.2 | [65] |
| 3,4 | Organotypic nasal CHTP 1.2 | In vitro exposure of organotypic nasal cultures at the air–liquid interface | CHTP 1.2 | [66] |
| 3,4 | Organotypic small airway THS 2.2 | In vitro exposure of organotypic small airway cultures at the air–liquid interface | THS 2.2 | [67] |
| 3,4 | Organotypic small airway CHTP 1.2 | In vitro exposure of organotypic small airway cultures at the air–liquid interface | CHTP 1.2 | [66] |
| 3,4 | Monocyte-to-endothelial adhesion | In vitro adhesion of human MM6 monocytic cells to human coronary artery endothelial cells | THS 2.2 | [68] |
| 3,4 | Monocyte-to-endothelial adhesion | In vitro adhesion of human MM6 monocytic cells to human coronary artery endothelial cells | CHTP 1.2 | [69] |
| 3,4 | Transendothelial migration | In vitro transendothelial migration with THP-1 and human coronary artery endothelial cells | THS 2.2 | [70] |
| 3,4 | Transendothelial migration | In vitro transendothelial migration with THP-1 and human coronary artery endothelial cells | CHTP 1.2 | [71] |
CELSD levels: 1, emission of toxicants; 2, exposure to toxicants; 3, (stress) response to toxicants; 4, primary toxic effect; 5, disease manifestations. THS, Tobacco Heating System; CHTP, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.