Table 2:
Comparison of Patients with Cirrhosis across Sites in the Derivation Cohort
| mean±SD unless otherwise specified | VCU (n=37) |
VA (n=34) |
Mayo (n=10) |
Arkansas (n=28) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.3±3.6 | 71.2±5.7 | 71.8±7.9 | 69.9±3.0 |
| MELD score | 10.8±4.1 | 10.3±4.0 | 10.0±3.2 | 9.5±3.0 |
| Etiology(Hepatitis C/Alcohol/NASH/Rest) | 7/3/15/12 | 6/9/13/6 | 2/1/5/2 | 3/2/12/11 |
| Gender (Men/Women)*** | 18/19 | 32/2 | 7/3 | 8/19 |
| Education (years) | 14.8±2.9 | 13.5±3.3 | 14.6±2.7 | 13.5±2.1 |
| MMSE (of 30) | 29.1 ±1.0 | 28.3±1.3 | 28.8±1.1 | 28.4±2.0 |
| Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score | ||||
| Number connection A*** | 36.3±14.5 | 56.6±33.4 | 36.6±7.8 | 41.9±14.4 |
| Number connection B** | 88.4±40.2 | 159.7±122.1 | 99.2±49.2 | 109.7±44.0 |
| Digit Symbol | 53.3±12.1 | 45.0±19.7 | 53.4±10.8 | 45.8±13.6 |
| Serial Dotting*** | 60.2±14.4 | 86.5±36.8 | 47.9±7.7 | 126.1 ±31.9 |
| Line tracing errors+time* | 137.0±29.0 | 166.4±87.2 | 126.7±31.3 | 123.6±25.6 |
| RBANS percentile (high=good) | ||||
| RBANS total*** | 49.4±26.2 | 27.0±22.8 | 51.8±28.4 | 25.7±19.7 |
| Visuo-spatial*** | 49.5±31.2 | 32.5±31.8 | 72.1 ±27.9 | 19.1 ±22.0 |
| Immediate memory | 46.8±24.8 | 31.2±28.8 | 44.5±34.6 | 32.1 ±25.0 |
| Delayed memory | 50.9±26.9 | 31.9±27.5 | 41.1 ±31.8 | 36.0±24.2 |
| Language | 45.8±21.2 | 33.4±16.0 | 48.4±19.6 | 43.5±17.0 |
| Attention** | 63.0±27.0 | 41.9±31.1 | 47.8±31.4 | 35.4±30.8 |
| EncephalApp (high=poor) | ||||
| OffTime | 89.7±22.8 | 96.1 ±36.0 | 81.0±14.7 | 87.5±11.3 |
| OnTime | 110.3±37.1 | 133.5±104.1 | 101.7±22.3 | 123.1±28.2 |
| Median Runs in Off State | 6.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Median Runs in On State* | 6.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 |
| EncephalApp Off+OnTime | 195.4±52.8 | 229.6±138.3 | 182.7±36.8 | 210.7±36.7 |
| MHE on EncephalApp | 20 (54%) | 20 (59%) | 8 (80%) | 11 (39%) |
| MHE on PHES* | 3 (8%) | 8 (23%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (25%) |
| Quality of life (high=poor) | ||||
| SIP total | 9.5±10.5 | 11.9±9.8 | 6.4±6.4 | 9.0±9.5 |
| SIP Psycho-social | 8.9±11.9 | 11.5±13.6 | 3.5±3.0 | 8.6±10.9 |
| SIP Physical | 8.1±10.7 | 9.9±10.3 | 5.8±8.8 | 7.6±10.4 |
| Neuropsych classification | ||||
| Unimpaired/MCI/MHE/Both | 15/7/10/5 | 7/6/8/13 | 0/5/4/1 | 8/7/7/6 |
SIP: Sickness Impact Profile, MMSE: mini-mental status exam, RBANS: repeatable battery for the assessment of neuro-psychological status, MCI: mild cognitive impairment, MHE: minimal hepatic encephalopathy, NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
*
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis between 4 groups. A high score on digit symbol indicates good performance while high score or time in the remaining tests indicates the opposite. Statistical comparison performed using t-tests or Chi-square tests as appropriate.