Table 1.
Chemical composition of brewers’spent grain
| Group | Units | Compound | Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major components | g kg−1 dry weight | Cellulose (glucan) | 3–330 |
| Hemicellulose | 192–419 | ||
| Xylan | 136–206 | ||
| Arabinan | 56–419 | ||
| Starch | 10–120 | ||
| Lignin | 115–278 | ||
| Lipids | 30–106 | ||
| Proteins | 142–310 | ||
| Ashes | 11–46 | ||
| Extractives | 58–107 | ||
| Phenolics | 7–20 | ||
| Ferulic acid | 1860–1948 | ||
| p-Coumaric acid | 565–794 | ||
| Minerals | mg kg−1 dry weight | Silicon | 1400–10,740 |
| Phosphorus | 4600–6000 | ||
| Calcium | 2200–3515 | ||
| Magnesium | 1900–2400 | ||
| Sulfur | 1980–2900 | ||
| Potassium | 258.1–700.0 | ||
| Sodium | 100.0–309.3 | ||
| Iron | 100.0–193.4 | ||
| Zinc | 82.1–178.0 | ||
| Aluminum | 36.0–81.2 | ||
| Manganese | 40.9–51.4 | ||
| Cobalt | 17.8 | ||
| Copper | 11.4–18.0 | ||
| Strontium | 10.4–12.7 | ||
| Iodine | 11 | ||
| Barium | 8.6–13.6 | ||
| Chromium | <0.5–5.9 | ||
| Molybdenum | 1.4 | ||
| Boron | 3.2 | ||
| Non-essential amino acids | % total protein | Histidine | 26.27 |
| Glutamic acid | 16.59 | ||
| Aspartic acid | 4.81 | ||
| Valine | 4.61 | ||
| Arginine | 4.51 | ||
| Alanine | 4.12 | ||
| Serine | 3.77 | ||
| Tyrosine | 2.57 | ||
| Glycine | 1.74 | ||
| Asparagine | 1.47 | ||
| Glutamine | 0.07 | ||
| Essential amino acids | % total protein | Lysine | 14.31 |
| Leucine | 6.12 | ||
| Phenylalanine | 4.64 | ||
| Isoleucine | 3.31 | ||
| Threonine | 0.71 | ||
| Tryptophan | 0.14 | ||
| Vitamins | ppm | Biotin | 0.1 |
| Choline | 1800 | ||
| Folic acid | 0.2 | ||
| Niacin | 44 | ||
| Phantotenic acid | 8.5 | ||
| Riboflavin | 1.5 | ||
| Thiamine | 0.7 | ||
| Pyridoxine | 0.7 |