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. 2020 Feb 10;19(5):1641–1662. doi: 10.1007/s10237-020-01297-5

Table 2.

Multiplying factors between ideal and non-ideal torque and normal force measurements

Torque SS 1% SS 10% SS 25% SS 50%
CS 1% 1.0050 1.0046 1.0031 1.0000
0.2041% 0.2026% 0.2043% 0.1730%
CS 10% 1.5560 1.5568 1.5460 1.5123
0.6844% 0.7326% 0.9007% 1.1374%
CS 20% 5.9433 6.0363 6.3176 6.8061
3.0972% 2.7304% 1.9302% 1.5789%