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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Biochem Sci. 2020 Jun 25;45(10):858–873. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.010

Figure 1. NAD+ Compartmentalization for Regulation.

Figure 1.

The levels of free NAD+ are tightly controlled both temporally and spatially to precisely modulate signaling in cells. (A) Temporal fluctuations in NAD+ concentrations regulate circadian periodicity rhythms. (B) Spatial partitioning of NAD+ biosynthetic pathways permits signal-dependent initiation of adipogenic differentiation. (C) NAD+ compartmentalization may protect and prioritize support for particularly crucial cellular processes (e.g., in the mitochondria) in response to stress when other subcellular stores are depleted. Abbreviation: Ac, acylation.