. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Trends Biochem Sci. 2020 Jun 25;45(10):858–873. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.010

Table 2.

Major Enzymes That Use or Consume NAD⁺

Enzyme	Activities
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs)	Cleave NAD⁺ to release ADP-ribose (ADPR) groups that are used for the covalent mono- or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins, DNA, and RNA
Sirtuins	Some sirtuins (e.g., SIRT1) catalyze deacylation of proteins using ADPR as an acceptor of acyl groups (i.e., acetyl, succinyl, malonyl, etc.) Other sirtuins (e.g., SIRT4 and SIRT6) catalyze mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins
CD38	Ectoenzyme that has both NAD⁺ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities, which may function in decreasing extracellular NAD⁺ levels
SARM1	Has both NAD⁺ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities
NAD⁺ kinase	Phosphorylates NAD⁺ to generate NADP⁺; this diminishes the pool of NAD⁺ available for NAD⁺-specific enzymes and processes