Characterization of the substrate specificity of mutated MmCARs. (A) GC spectra of intracellular fatty alcohols derived from strain ZWE243 with pZW01, M150, AD303, and RF1, respectively. Cultivation was performed for 72 h in minimal medium. (B) Proportion of intracellular fatty alcohols in strain ZWE243 with pZW01, M150, AD303, and RF1, respectively. (C) The NADPH oxidation rate of the crude protein extracted from strain ZWE243 containing RF1, M150, AD303, wild-type CAR and an empty plasmid, respectively, supplemented with different FAs. The samples were taken after cultivation in minimal medium for 24 h. The mean ± SD of three biological replicates is presented.