Table 1.

Parasite distribution in positive water samples among various countries in Africa.

Parasite	Water sample type	Country reported	Prevalence range	References
Cryptosporidium	Surface water	Cameroon	25–100%	Ajeagah et al., 2007; Ajeagah et al., 2010; Chia et al., 2015; Nsoh et al., 2016
		Cote d'Ivore	28%	Koffi et al., 2014
		Egypt	3.1%	El-Shazly et al., 2007; Abd El-Salam, 2012; Khalifa et al., 2014; El-Kowrany et al., 2016
		Ethiopia	59–75%	Atnafu et al., 2012; Amenu et al., 2013
		Ghana	54–75%	Petersen et al., 2014; Sampson, 2015
		Kenya	7–8%	Kato et al., 2003; Muchiri et al., 2009
		Nigeria	100%	Uneke and Uneke, 2007
		South Africa	6–100%	Grundlingh and De Wet, 2004; Duhain, 2011
		Sudan	1–43%	Shanan et al., 2015; Medani et al., 2016
		Uganda	7%	Sente et al., 2016
		Zimbabwe	3–55%	Dalu et al., 2011; Mtapuri-Zinyowera et al., 2014
	Tap water	Egypt	28–36%	Hassan et al., 2012a; Sakran et al., 2017
		Ethiopia	21–100%	Fikrie et al., 2008; Atnafu et al., 2012
		Zambia	83%	Kelly et al., 1997
		Zimbabwe	22%	Dalu et al., 2011
		Ghana	9–63%	Kwakye-Nuako et al., 2007; Ndur et al., 2015; Tetteh-Quarcoo et al., 2016
		Egypt	7–36%	Youssef et al., 1998; Ali et al., 2004; Hamdy et al., 2019
		Uganda	40%	Sente et al., 2016
	Wastewater	South Africa	59–100%	Dungeni and Momba, 2010; Samie and Mashau, 2012
		Tunisia	25–35%	Khouja et al., 2010; Ben Ayed et al., 2012
	Sewage/sludge	South Africa	30%	Kfir et al., 1995
		Tunisia	20–42%	Khouja et al., 2010; Ben Ayed et al., 2012