Table 2. Association between hepatitis A and food consumption based on univariable logistic regression in two case–control studies, Germany, 2019.
| Exposure | Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Exposed (n) | Exposed (%) | Total | Exposed (n) | Exposed (%) | ||||
| Case–control study 1 (cases = 21; controls = 78) | |||||||||
| Frozen strawberry cakea | 20 | 14 | 70 | 77 | 4 | 5 | 42.6 | 10.6–170.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Frozen strawberry cake from brand Aa | 19 | 12 | 63 | 78 | 4 | 5 | 31.7 | 8.0–125.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Frozen strawberriesa | 16 | 6 | 38 | 71 | 10 | 14 | 3.7 | 1.1–12.3 | 0.036 |
| Strawberry smoothiesa | 14 | 5 | 36 | 74 | 11 | 15 | 3.2 | 0.9–11.3 | 0.073 |
| Case–control study 2 (cases = 11; controls = 33) | |||||||||
| Frozen cake | 11 | 8 | 73 | 28 | 4 | 14 | 15.3 | 2.8–83.9 | 0.002 |
| Frozen strawberry cakeb | 11 | 5 | 45 | 28 | 3 | 11 | 6.4 | 1.2–34.6 | 0.031 |
| Red fruit jelly | 11 | 4 | 36 | 32 | 3 | 9 | 5.5 | 0.9–30.5 | 0.050 |
| Frozen berries (containing strawberries) | 11 | 3 | 27 | 26 | 6 | 23 | 1.3 | 0.2–6.3 | 0.786 |
CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
a Possible consumption was coded as missing for this analysis.
b In picture-assisted interviews after conducting the case–control study, all eight cases who reported consumption of frozen cake identified frozen strawberry cake X from brand A.