Table 3.
Nanoformulations studied for the treatment of fungal infections caused by dimorphic fungi Coccidiodes sp., Paracoccidiodes sp. and Histoplasma spp..
| Nanoparticle | Drug (*) | Fungi | In vitro/in vivo | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid complex; colloidal dispersion and liposomal | AmB and NYS | C. immitis | In vitro | González et al., 2002 |
| Liposomal (AmBisome) | AmB | C. immitis | In vivo (human) | Antony et al., 2003; Rangel et al., 2010; Nakhla, 2018; Sidhu et al., 2018 |
| In vivo (rabbits) | Clemons et al., 2002 | |||
| C. posadasii | In vivo (rabbits) | Clemons et al., 2009 | ||
| Coccidiodes spp. | In vivo (human) | Stewart et al., 2018 | ||
| H. capsulatum | In vivo (human) | Johnson et al., 2002 | ||
| Lipid complex (Abelcet) | AmB | C. immitis | In vivo (human) | Koehler et al., 1998; Sidhu et al., 2018 |
| C. posadasii | In vivo (rabbits) | Capilla et al., 2007; Clemons et al., 2009 | ||
| PLGA-DMSA | AmB | P. brasiliensis | In vivo (mice) | Amaral et al., 2009; Souza et al., 2015 |
| ITZ | In vitro | Cunha-Azevedo et al., 2011 | ||
| Nanostructured lipid system (NLS) | Dodecyl gallate (DOD) | P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii | In vitro/in vivo | Singulani et al., 2018 |
(*)
Drugs: AmB, Amphotericin B; ITZ, Itraconazole; NYS, Nystatin.