Table 4.

Risk of Bias Scoring of Included Studies Following the OHAT Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.

OHAT Risk of Bias Tool	Randomization	Allocation concealment	Identical experimental conditions	Blinded	Complete data	Exposure characterization	Outcome assessment	All measured outcome reported	Threat to internal validity
Ballarò et al33/2019	−	−	+	−	−	+	+	++	+
Bover et al51/2019	+	−	++	−	−	++	+	++	+
Moreira et al34/2018	+	+	++	−	−	++	+	++	+
Amani-Shalamzari et al52/2018	+	+	+	−−	−	++	+	++	+
Tanaka et al39/2018	+	−	++	−	−	++	+	++	+
Shamsi et al35/2017	+	−	++	−	−	++	+	+	+
Padilha et al36/2017	+	+	++	−	++	++	+	++
Padrao et al37/2017	+	+	++	−	++	++	+	++	+
das Neves et al43/2016	+	+	++	−	+	++	+	++	+
Khamoui et al40/2016	+	+	++	−	+	++	+	−
Jee et al41/2016	+	+	++	−	+	++	+	++	+
Pin et al38/2015	+	+	++	−	−	++	+	−	+
Kryczyk et al47/2014	+	−	++	−	−	++	+	++
Donatto et al3/2013	+	+	++	−	−	++	+	++	+
Faustino-Rocha et al54/2013	+	++	++	++	−	++	+	++	+
Lira et al48/2012	+	+	++	−	++	++	+	−
Puppa et al8/2011	−	+	++	−	−	++	+	++	+
Lira et al44/2008	+	+	++	−	−	++	+	−	+
Bacurau et al45/2007	+	+	++	−	++	++	+	++	+
Baracos53/1989	−	−	+	−	−	++	+	++	+
Deuster et al42/1985	+	+	+	−	++	++	+	++	+
White et al46/2012	−	−	++	−	−	++	+	−	+
Salomão et al49/2010	−	−	+	−	++	++	+	++	+
Lima et al50/2008	−	−	++	−	−	++	+	−	+

Abbreviation: OHAT, Office of Health Assessment and Translation.

⁺⁺, definitely low risk of bias; + probably low risk of bias; − probably high risk of bias; −− definitely high risk of bias.

Risk of Bias domains: (1) selection bias (randomization and allocation concealment), (2) performance bias (identical experimental conditions and blinding), (3) attrition/exclusion bias (complete data, exposure characterization, and outcome assessment), (4) all measured outcomes reported, and (5) other bias (threats to internal validity).