Table 3.
Relative gene expression of transcription factor NF-κB1, TLR and HSP along the intestinal mucosa of 42-d-old broilers.
| Item1 | Treatments2 |
SEM |
P-values3 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | PP-750 | PP-1000 | PP-2000 | PANOVA | Plin | Pquad | ||
| Duodenum | ||||||||
| NF-κB1 | 1.07AB | 1.28B | 0.93A | 0.82A | 0.129 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.087 |
| TLR2B | 1.38 | 0.62 | 1.43 | 0.99 | 0.561 | 0.542 | 0.897 | 0.780 |
| TLR4 | 0.75 | 1.65 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 0.353 | 0.108 | 0.394 | 0.062 |
| HSP70 | 1.03 | 1.76 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.282 | 0.143 | 0.264 | 0.063 |
| HSP90 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.11 | 0.85 | 0.177 | 0.241 | 0.086 | 0.267 |
| Jejunum | ||||||||
| NF-κB1 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 0.99 | 0.202 | 0.917 | 0.518 | 0.781 |
| TLR2B | 1.11 | 0.69 | 0.73 | 0.87 | 0.364 | 0.656 | 0.563 | 0.282 |
| TLR4 | 0.91 | 1.31 | 1.10 | 1.20 | 0.264 | 0.484 | 0.437 | 0.430 |
| HSP70 | 1.09 | 1.76 | 1.17 | 0.87 | 0.452 | 0.136 | 0.174 | 0.546 |
| HSP90 | 1.18 | 1.54 | 1.01 | 0.85 | 0.256 | 0.134 | 0.069 | 0.157 |
| Ileum | ||||||||
| NF-κB1 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.225 | 0.514 | 0.215 | 0.975 |
| TLR2B | 1.83 | 0.66 | 1.44 | 1.76 | 0.697 | 0.375 | 0.572 | 0.540 |
| TLR4 | 0.76 | 1.50 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 0.349 | 0.207 | 0.274 | 0.121 |
| HSP70 | 1.21 | 1.77 | 1.03 | 0.88 | 0.396 | 0.258 | 0.179 | 0.207 |
| HSP90 | 1.24 | 1.62 | 1.02 | 0.93 | 0.329 | 0.214 | 0.150 | 0.312 |
| Ceca | ||||||||
| NF-κB1 | 0.95AB | 1.33B | 1.15B | 0.72A | 0.140 | 0.001 | 0.057 | <0.001 |
| TLR2B | 1.27 | 1.94 | 1.03 | 0.85 | 0.355 | 0.081 | 0.063 | 0.098 |
| TLR4 | 1.16AB | 1.64B | 0.97A | 0.78A | 0.248 | 0.009 | 0.027 | 0.061 |
| HSP70 | 1.80b | 1.55ab | 0.98ab | 0.67a | 0.382 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.912 |
| HSP90 | 0.89 | 1.26 | 1.07 | 1.25 | 0.249 | 0.425 | 0.277 | 0.597 |
NF-κB1 = nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1; TLR = Toll-like receptor; HSP = heat shock protein; SEM = pooled standard error of means.
Relative expression ratios of target genes were calculated according to Pfaffl (2001) adapted for the multi-reference genes normalization procedure according to Hellemans et al. (2007) using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin, beta (ACTB) and peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as reference genes.
CON, basal diet with no phytogenic premix (PP) addition; PP-750, basal diet containing PP at 750 mg/kg diet; PP-1000, basal diet containing PP at 1,000 mg/kg diet; PP-2000, basal diet containing PP at 2,000 mg/kg diet. Data represent treatment means from n = 10 broilers analyzed per treatment.
The statistical analysis tests the differences between treatments (ANOVA) and the linear (lin) and quadratic (quad) effect of PP inclusion levels (polynomial contrasts). Means within the same row with different superscripts (a, b) differ at (P < 0.05) and with different superscripts (A, B) differ at P < 0.01.