Author, year, country	Adjustments with covariates
Brandt, 2014, Germany	Offspring: Gender.
Dello Russo et al., 2013, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Cyprus, Spain, Estonia, Sweden, Belgium	Mothers: Age, BMI, gestational age, alcohol, and smoking during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, hypertension. Offspring: Sex, age, practice of sport, breastfeeding duration.
Derraik et al., 2015, New Zealand	Mothers: Birth order, age. Offspring: Age, sex, birth weight.
Gaillard et al., 2014, The Netherlands	Mothers: ppBMI, age, educational level, ethnicity, parity, gestational age, height, smoking, alcohol, calorie intake during pregnancy, folic acid supplement use, delivery mode. Offspring: Sex, age, breastfeeding duration, age at introduction of solid foods, duration of TV‐watching, with/without BMI.
Gaillard et al., 2016, Australia	Mothers: ppBMI, age, ethnicity, educational level, household income, parity, smoking during pregnancy, total GWG, hypertension, gestational diabetes, caesarean delivery, gestational age. Offspring: Sex, age, birth weight, and length, breastfeeding duration, infant length, and weight growth, paternal BMI, Tanner stage, smoking, alcohol, calorie intake, physical activity, with/without BMI.
Hochner et al., 2012, Israel	Mothers: Age, parity, smoking, socioeconomic status, years of education, medical condition, gestational week Offspring: Ethnicity, sex, birth weight, smoking, physical activity, years of education, with/without BMI
Hrolfsdottir et al., 2015, Denmark	Mothers: ppBMI, age, parity, smoking, educational level. Offspring: Sex, whether offspring think their father is overweight.
Jeffery et al., 2006, United Kingdom	Unadjusted.
Maftei et al., 2015, Australia	Mothers: Gestational diabetes. Offspring: With/without z‐BMI.
Mingrone et al., 2008, Italy	Unadjusted.
Oostvogels et al., 2014, The Netherlands	Mothers: Age, height, education level, ethnicity, parity, hypertension, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age. Offspring: Sex, birth weight, breastfeeding duration, screen time per day, energy intake, with/without weight‐for‐length gain.
Perng et al., 2014, USA	Mothers: ppBMI, race/ethnicity, parity, smoking, household income. Offspring: Sex, age, father's BMI, with/without DXA total fat mass index.
Sauder et al., 2017, USA	Offspring: Sex, race/ethnicity, age, Tanner stage, age by Tanner interaction, with/without BMI.
Tam et al., 2018, China	Mothers: ppBMI, insulin sensitivity, parity, age, gestational age. Offspring: Sex, age, breastfeeding duration, exercise level.
Winham et al., 2006, USA	Unadjusted.

Abbreviations: DXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry; GWG, gestational weight gain; ppBMI, prepregnancy BMI.