Table 3.

Results from a multivariable logistic regression model^a of the associations between veterinarians’ (n = 36) skills (n = 36) in motivational interviewing (MI) and Proportion of Change Talk in 170 veterinary herd health management (VHHM) consultations on Swedish cattle farms

				Proportion of Change Talk
				Odds ratio
Level of observation	Parameter	Level	Number	Estimate; 95% CIb	P	Overall P c
Veterinarian	MI skills	Poor_untrained	18	Ref		0.88
		Poor_trained	6	0.93; 0.63 to 1.40	0.72
		Near moderate	6	1.02; 0.79 to 1.40	0.93
		Moderate	6	1.12; 0.79 to 1.60	0.51
	Gender	Male	2
		Female	32	0.90; 0.56 to 1.40	0.65
	VHHM experience	⩽5 years	22
		>5 years	14	0.89; 0.68 to 1.20	0.38
	Vet type	Animal health vet	13
		General practitioner	23	1.44; 1.09 to 1.90	0.01
	Gender concordance	No	124
		Yes	46	1.02; 0.77 to 1.40	0.87
Consultancy	Sufficient time	No	34
		Yes	136	1.26; 0.93 to 1.70	0.14
	Number of clients	One	150
		Multiple	20	1.03; 0.68 to 1.60	0.89
	Visit type	Strategic	38	Ref		0.90
		Herd health problem	30	1.07; 0.69 to 1.70	0.75
		Other	102	0.98; 0.73 to 1.30	0.88
Client	Age	Continuous (decades)		0.89; 0.79 to 1.00	0.06
	Education	Lower	104
		Higher	66	0.86; 0.66 to 1.10	0.25
	Role	Owner	133
		Employee	37	0.80; 0.58 to 1.10	0.18
	Satisfied	No	2
	with consultancy	Yes	168	2.82; 0.95 to 8.40	0.06

^a SD of random intercept of veterinarian: <0.001 (SE: 0.44) and client (farm): 0.24 (SE: 0.12).

^b 95% confidence interval.

^c Overall P-value for chi-square test for variables with more than two categories.