Classic hierarchy of hematopoiesis with stages of red blood cell (RBC) development shown in greater detail. The major site of EPO action is indicated. Genetic and cell culture studies have shown that EPO is required for the development of CFU-E into late-stage erythroblasts. NK, natural killer. Multi-potent hematopoietic progenitors include the following: CLP, common lymphoid progenitor; CMP, common myeloid progenitor; LT-HSC, long-term engrafting hematopoietic stem cell; MEP, megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitor; ST-HSC, short-term hematopoietic stem cell. Committed erythroid progenitors include the following: BFU-E, burst-forming unit-erythroid; CFU-E, colony-forming unit-erythroid. Erythroid precursors include the following: BasoE, basophilic erythroblast; OrthoE, orthochromatic erythroblast; PolyE, polychromatic erythroblast; ProE, proerythroblast; Retic, reticulocyte.