Figure 6. Altered topology of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) extracellular domains (ECDs) induced by engineered ligands produces qualitative changes in downstream signaling.

( A) Wild-type erythropoietin (EPO) causes normal activation of EPOR signaling targets. Engineered EPOR ligands that modify the angle ( B) or distance ( C) between EPOR ECDs produce selective alterations in the activation of downstream signaling targets. This figure was created using data from Mohan et al., 2019 ¹³⁴.