Figure 2.
Common amino acid transporters in cancer cells. Amino acid transporters, which are abundant in cancer cells, are shown. Antiporters (harmonizers) are shown in blue, uniporters and symporters in magenta (loaders), and lysosomal transporters in orange. Substrate specificity is indicated using AA0 (neutral amino acids) and AA+ (cationic amino acids, arginine, lysine, ornithine). Size of neutral amino acids is indicated as small (S, glycine, alanine, serine, cysteine, proline), medium (M, threonine, asparagine, glutamine), large (L, leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine). Links to signaling pathways are shown by dashed arrows.