Figure 1.

β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) alters mitochondrial bioenergetics in cultured adipocytes. Following 24-h treatment with βHB (5 mM), the adipocytes were harvested and used to measure the mitochondrial respiration (A) and respiratory control ratio (RCR; B) in adipocytes. Permeabilized adipocytes were sequentially treated with glutamate (10 mM) and malate (2 mM; GM); +ADP (D; 2.5 mM); +succinate (S; 10 mM). ATP was measured via luminescence from freshly lysed cells (C), and the ratio of ATP and respiration was quantified (D). n = 5. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01.