Figure 3.

Summary of DUBs and E3 enzymes that play important roles in cancer progression, immune regulation, and neurodegenerative diseases. According to diseases, the enzymes positively or negatively regulate the mechanisms in mitophagy, cell differentiation, cell development, signaling, protein accumulation, neural malfunction, synaptogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, cell cycle stimulation, mitochondrial regulation, autophagic flux, ER homeostasis, and protein degradation. E3 ligases and DUBs in the upside or downside of the semicircle indicate negative (red area) or positive regulators (green area) of these diseases.