5-FU	5-fluorouracil
α-KGDDs	α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases
AG	Atrophic gastritis
AGE	Advanced glycation end product
AGS	Human gastric adenocarcinoma hyperdiploid cell line
ALDH2	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Family Member
ALE	Advanced lipid peroxidation end product
AlpA	Adherence associated lipoprotein A
Akt	Protein kinase B
APA	Anti-parietal cell antibodies
APC	Adenomatous polyposis coli protein
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BabA	Blood group antigen binding adhesin
BCL-2	B cell lymphoma-2
BRCA	Breast cancer susceptibility gene
CagA	Cytotoxin associated gene A
CAT	Catalase
CD	Cluster of differentiation
CDH1	E-cadherin gene
CDH1	E-cadherin protein
CDKN2A	Cyclin dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A
CDX	Caudal type homeobox
CEACAM	Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule
CIMP	Cytosine and guanine (CpG) island methylator phenotype
CIN	Chromosome instability
COX	Cyclo-oxygenase
Csk	C-terminal Src kinase
CTGF	Connective tissue growth factor or CCN2
CXCL2	C-X-C chemokine ligand 2 or macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP)
CXCR4	C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
DGC	Diffuse gastric cancer
DHA	Dehydroascorbic acid
dMMR	Deficient mismatch repair
EBV	Epstein–Barr virus
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	Epithelial mesenchymal transition
ENOC	Endogenous nitrosamine
EPIYA	Glutamate-proline isoleucinetyrosine-alanine
EPO	Erythropoietin
erbB2	Human epidermal growth factor receptor gene
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
etv4 ets	(Erythroblast Transformation Specific) variant transcription factor 4
FAK	Focal adhesion kinase
FAP	Familial adenomatous polyposis
FGFR4	Fibroblast growth factor receptor gene
GGT	γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
GLUT	Membrane glucose transporter
GPX	Glutathione peroxidase
GSH	Glutathione
GSTM1	Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1
GSTP1	Glutathione S-transferase Pi 1
GSTT1	Glutathione S-transferase Theta 1
HBD	Human β-defensin
HCA	Heterocyclic amine
HER2	Human epidermal growth factor
HGF-R	Hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene, c-MET
HIF-1α	Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha
HK	Hexokinase
HKalpha	Alpha subunit of the parietal cell proton pump
HMOX1	Heme oxygenase-1
hMLH1	Human MutL Homologue 1
HNO2	Nitrous acid
HNPCC	Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer
HOCl	Hypochlorous acid
HopQ	Helicobacter pylori outer protein Q
Hp NAP	Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein
HRE	Hypoxia response element
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
Htra	Serine protease high temperature requirement A
HSP	Heat shock protein
IFN	Interferon
IGFBP3	Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
IκBα	Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells inhibitor, alpha
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IL	Interleukin
ILK	Integrin linked kinase
IM	Intestinal metaplasia
JHDM	Jumonji-C domain-containing histone demethylases
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KRAS	Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
LOX	lysyl oxidase
L-GULO	L-gulono-gamma-lactone-oxidase
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MALT	Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
MAP3K	Mitogen-activating protein kinase
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MGMT	O-6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase enzyme
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
MMP	Matrix metalloprotease
MSI	Microsatellite instability
MSS	Microsatellite stable
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
NAC	N-acetyl cysteine
NDMA	Nitrosodimethylamine
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
NO	Nitric oxide
NOX	NADPH oxidase
OipA	Outer inflammatory protein A
PAMP	Pathogen associated molecular pattern
PDK1	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1
PDGFβ	Platelet derived growth factor beta
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PGK	Phosphoglycerate kinase
PGN	Peptidoglycan
PHD	Prolyl hydroxylase
PKM2	Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2
PPI	Proton pump inhibitor
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acid
pVHL	Von-Hippel–Lindau protein
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end product
RhoA	Ras homolog family member A
RICK	Receptor-interacting protein serine-threonine kinase 2
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SabA	Sialic acid binding adhesin
SFK	Src family kinase
SH2	Src Homology 2
SHIP2	Src Homology 2 inositol phosphatase
SIRT3	[sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 3]
SLC23A1	Solute carrier family 23 member 1
SLUG	Zinc finger protein SNAI2
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SOX2	Sex determining region Y-box 2
SNAIL	Zinc finger protein SNAI1
SPEM	Spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia
Src	Non receptor associated sarcoma tyrosine kinase
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TET	Ten eleven translocation
TET1	TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 1
TF	Thompsen-Friedenreich antigen
T4SS	Type IV bacterial secretion system
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta gene
Th1	T helper type 1 cell
TLR	Toll-like receptor
Tlp	Transducer like protein
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRAF	TNF Receptor associated factor
TRAIL	Tumour necrosis factor apoptosis inducing ligand
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
TWIST1	Twist basic helix loop helix transcription factor 1
vacA	Vacuolating cytotoxin gene A
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VM	Vimentin
ZEB	Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1