Table 1.
Studies on coronavirus outbreaks in indoor environments.
| Authors and Year | Virus | Country | Type of Study | Type of Publication | Setting | Cases | Role of HVAC System |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al., 2003 [33] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Observational | Peer review journal | Hospital | 156 | Not considered (aerosol in the index case originated the outbreak) |
| Wong et al., 2004 [34] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Retrospective | Peer review journal | Hospital | 66 | Indirectly proven by epidemiological data and ventilation study |
| Yu et al., 2005 [35] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Retrospective | Peer review journal | Hospital | 74 | Indirectly proven by spatiotemporal pattern of infection |
| Chen et al., 2011 [36] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Experimental modelling | Peer review journal | Hospital | Not reported | Indirectly proven by an airflow-dynamics model |
| Li, Huang et al., 2004 [37] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Observational with experimental modeling | Peer review journal | Hospital | 30 | Indirectly proven by the spatiotemporal pattern of infection and by experimental modeling |
| Yu et al., 2004 [38] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Observational with experimental modelling | Peer review journal | Community | 187 | Indirectly proven by the spatial and temporal pattern of infection and by an airflow-dynamics model |
| Li, Duan et al., 2005 [39] | SARS-CoV-1 | Hong Kong (SAR), China | Experimental modeling | Peer review journal | Community | 329 | Indirectly proven by a multizone airflow-dynamics model |
| Kim et al., 2016 [40] | MERS | South Korea | Environmental sampling | Peer review journal | Hospitals | 3 | HVAC contamination was demonstrated |
| Quian et al., 2020 [41] | SARS-CoV-2 | China | Observational | Pre-print | Community and workplace | 1245 | Suspected |
| Zhang et al., 2020 [42] | SARS-CoV-2 | Japan | Observational | Peer review journal | Ship | 355 | Suspected |
| Xu et al., 2020 [43] | SARS-CoV-2 | Japan | Observational | Pre-print | Ship | 355 | Not supported by the spatiotemporal distribution of cases |
| Mizumoto and Chowel, 2020 [44] | SARS-CoV-2 | Japan | Observational | Peer review journal | Ship | 355 | Not supported by the spatiotemporal distribution of cases |
| Lu et al., 2020 [45] | SARS-CoV-2 | China | Observational | Peer review journal | Restaurant | 10 | Suspected |
| Li, Qian, Hang, 2020 [46] | SARS-CoV-2 | China | Observational with experimental modeling | Pre-print | Restaurant | 10 | Supported by computer simulation |