Table 3.
Multinomial regression with age, gender, self-esteem, empathy, and social skills as predictors of different bullying roles.
| Predictors | Victims | Bullies | Bully-Victims |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | 1.04 (0.89−1.21) | 0.98 (0.74−1.30) | 1.22 (1.06−1.41) |
| Male | 1.21 (0.71−2.08) | 2.80 (0.94−8.36) | 2.60 (1.54−4.38) |
| Self-esteem | 0.91 (0.85−0.97) | 1.03 (0.90−1.18) | 0.91 (0.86v0.97) |
| Affective empathy | 1.10 (1.01−1.19) | 1.10 (0.94−1.29) | 1.03 (0.96−1.11) |
| Cognitive empathy | 1.06 (0.98−1.15) | 0.94 (0.82−1.08) | 1.05 (0.98−1.12) |
| Communicative skills | 1.03 (0.99−1.07) | 1 (0.93−1.06) | 0.99 (0.96−1.02) |
| Assertiveness | 0.93 (0.86−1) | 1.25 (1.04−1.50) | 0.90 (0.84−0.97) |
| Conflict resolution | 0.96 (0.90−1.02) | 0.92 (0.82−1.02) | 1.02 (0.96−1.08) |
Note: All comparisons were made using the uninvolved as a reference category.