Table 1.
Effectiveness at immediate, 1 and 6 months post intervention.
| TimePoint | Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) |
p Value (Interaction) |
Partial Eta Square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 111) | Intervention (n = 119) | |||
| KOOS Knee Pain (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.122 | ||
| Immediate | −0.190 (−1.108 to 0.728) | 3.067 (2.159 to 3.974) * | ||
| 1 month | 0.432 (−1.901 to 2.765) | 4.264 (1.958 to 6.570) * | ||
| 6 months | 0.603 (−1.732 to 2.938) | 8.926 (6.618 to 11.234) * | ||
| KOOS Functional Disability (Daily Living) (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.036 | ||
| Immediate | 1.168 (−0.244 to 2.579) | 1.464 (0.069 to 2.859) * | ||
| 1 month | 2.459 (0.049 to 4.869) * | 4.608 (2.225 to 6.990) * | ||
| 6 months | 4.819 (1.485 to 8.153) * | 9.948 (6.653 to 13.243) * | ||
| KOOS Functional Disability (Sport) (points) | 0.681 | 0.002 | ||
| Immediate | 2.419 (−3.006 to 7.845) | 3.154 (−2.209 to 8.516) | ||
| 1 month | 4.314 (−2.775 to 11.402) | 5.292 (−1.714 to 12.298) | ||
| 6 months | 2.821 (−4.856 to 10.497) | 5.452 (−2.135 to 13.039) | ||
| Depression (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.083 | ||
| Immediate | −0.004 (−0.655 to 0.648) | −0.064 (−0.708 to 0.580) | ||
| 1 month | −0.330 (−1.088 to 0.428) | −0.807 (−1.556 to −0.057) * | ||
| 6 months | −0.008 (−0.909 to 0.893) | −2.167 (−3.057 to −1.276) * | ||
| Anxiety (points) | 0.006 * | 0.021 | ||
| Immediate | −0.019 (−1.054 to 1.016) | −0.382 (−1.405 to 0.641) | ||
| 1 month | 0.273 (−0.917 to 1.464) | −0.932 (−2.108 to 0.245) | ||
| 6 months | −0.189 (−1.640 to 1.261) | −1.827 (−3.260 to −0.394) * | ||
| Stress (points) | 0.552 | 0.003 | ||
| Immediate | 0.259 (−0.454 to 0.972) | 0.015 (−0.690 to 0.719) | ||
| 1 month | 0.134 (−0.974 to 1.242) | −0.369 (−1.464 to 0.726) | ||
| 6 months | −0.397 (−1.844 to 1.049) | −0.326 (−1.756 to 1.103) | ||
| Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (Work) (points) | 0.956 | 0.000 | ||
| Immediate | −0.720 (−3.934 to 2.495) | −0.462 (−3.640 to 2.715) | ||
| 1 month | −1.986 (−5.203 to 1.230) | −1.798 (−4.977 to 1.381) | ||
| 6 months | −2.565 (−5.984 to 0.855) | −2.053 (−5.433 to 1.326) | ||
| Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (Physical Activity) (points) | 0.838 | 0.001 | ||
| Immediate | −0.450 (−1.950 to 1.050) | −0.423 (−1.906 to 1.059) | ||
| 1 month | −1.126 (−3.212 to 0.959) | −0.829 (−2.890 to 1.232) | ||
| 6 months | −2.094 (−4.393 to 0.205) | −1.538 (−3.811 to 0.734) | ||
| Pain Catastrophizing (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.052 | ||
| Immediate | 0.058 (−0.121 to 0.237) | −0.083 (−0.260 to 0.094) | ||
| 1 month | −0.108 (−0.388 to 0.172) | −0.517 (−0.794 to −0.240) * | ||
| 6 months | −0.234 (−0.555 to 0.087) | −0.880 (−1.197 to −0.563) * | ||
| Pain Self-Efficacy (points) | 0.253 | 0.006 | ||
| Immediate | 0.019 (−0.173 to 0.210) | 0.183 (−0.007 to 0.372) | ||
| 1 month | 0.129 (−0.194 to 0.453) | 0.235 (−0.085 to 0.555) | ||
| 6 months | 0.264 (−0.160 to 0.688) | 0.543 (0.123 to 0.962) * | ||
Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) knee pain score increased indicates lower symptoms of pain. KOOS function (daily living and sport and recreation) score increased indicates lower symptoms of functional disability (daily living and sport and recreation). Depression score increased indicates higher depression level. Anxiety score increased indicates higher anxiety level. Stress score increased indicates higher stress level. Fear-avoidance beliefs (work and physical activity) score increased indicates higher fear-avoidance beliefs (work and physical activity) level. Pain catastrophizing score increased indicates higher pain catastrophizing level. Pain self-efficacy score increased indicates higher pain self-efficacy level. Interaction (group x time) represents the treatment effect as the difference in change from baseline between the two groups. * Significant at p < 0.05.