Table 2.

Biosynthesis of Pd NPs using various biological entities.

Biological Entity	Type	Conditions of Synthesis (Temperature, Contact Time)	Average Size (nm)	Shape	Biomedical Properties	Ref.
Sodium alginate	Brown algae	3 min	13–33	spherical	Anticancer activity against A4549 lung cancer cells Antioxidant Antibacterial Antifungal	[84]
Agaricus bisporus	Mushroom (fungi)	Room temperature	13	Spherical	Anticancer activity against PK13 kidney cancer cells Bactericidal activity Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Biocompatible to RBCs	[85]
Indian Khilar cow urine		80 °C	-	Cylindrical	Antioxidant Antibacterial Antifungal	[86]
Chlorella vulgaris	Marine algae	60 °C 10 min	15	Spherical		[87]
Sargassum bovinum	Marine algae	60 °C 24 h	5	Octahedral		[88]