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Roles of antimicrobial peptides in host defense. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) participate in the innate immune response by showing antimicrobial actions against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, viruses and fungi. Besides having direct antimicrobial properties, AMPs also have the capability to augment immunity and to link adaptive and innate immunity by acting on host cells as immunomodulators. HNPs, human neutrophil peptides; hBDs, human β-defensins.
