Table 3.
Chemical classes or constituents found in C. ferrea extracts.
| Part Used | Solvent | Analytical Technique | Constituents | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leafs | Cyclohexane | CG/MS | Octacosane, docosane, and heptacosan | [8] |
| Leafs | Water | HPLC | Ellagic acid and gallic | [7] |
| Leafs | Water at 25 and 100 °C | HPLC-DAD | Gallic acid, caffeic and ellagic epicatechin, quercetin, and luteolin and catechin | [48] |
| Leafs | Ethanol at 70% | HPLC | Ellagic acid and gallic, orientin and isovitexin | [49] |
| Leafs | Ethanol at 70% | NMR 1D e 2D | Gallic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, and brevifolin | [50] |
| Barks and seeds | Ethanol at 70% | HPLC | Ellagic acid | [51] |
| Barks | Water at 25 and 100 °C | HPLC-DAD | Gallic, caffeic and ellagic acids, catechin, epicatechin and quercetin | [48] |
| Barks | Water | RP-HPLC | Ellagic acid and gallic | [52] |
| Barks | Ethanol and water | LC-MS/MS | Kaempferol, quinolinic acid and gallic | [53] |
| Fruit | Ethanol at 96% | LC-HRMS/MS | Corilagin and ellagic acid and gallic | [1] |
| Fruit | Water, ethanol at 20–80% | HPLC-DAD | Ellagic acid and gallic | [7] |
| Fruit | Ethanol | HPLC | Ellagic acid and gallic | [54] |
| Fruit | Water | HPTLC e HPLC | Ellagic acid and gallic | [55] |
| Pods | N-hexane | GC-MS | N-dodecanol, myristic acid, methyl palmitate, palmitic acid | [56] |
| Pods | Chloroform | GC-MS | n-valeric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, and octanoic acid | [56] |
| Pods | Ethyl acetate | GC-MS | Oxalic acid, butanedioic acid, pyrotartaric acid, and pentanoic acid | [56] |
| Pods | Alcohol at 70% | GC-MS | Glycerol, D-fructose, myo-inositol, and glucopyranose | [56] |
| Pods | Alcohol at 40% | HPLC-MS | Valonium dilactone acid, gallic acid derivatives, and ellagic acid | [12] |
| Pods | Ethanol and Water | LC-MS/MS | Ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin | [54] |
| Pods | Water at 25 and 100 °C | HPLC-DAD | Ellagic acid and gallic, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and luteolin | [48] |
GC-MS = thin-layer chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; HPLC-DAD = High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection; RP-HPLC = Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC = High Performance Liquid Chromatography; LC-HRMS/MS = Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry; NaOH = Sodium hydroxide; LC-MS/MS = Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry; HPLC-MS = High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry; HPTLC = High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; NMR = Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.