HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
HBV	hepatitis B viruses
HCV	hepatitis C viruses
SCFA	short chain fatty acid
ZO-1	zonula occludens-1
DSS	dextran sodium sulfate
IL10	interleukin-10
IL6	interleukin-6
PPAR	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
FMT	fecal microbial transplantation
HFDs	high-fat diets
NLRP6	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain -like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6
ASC	apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain
TLR4	toll-like receptor 4
HSCs	hepatic stellate cells
LSECs	liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
MyD88	myeloid differentiation primary response 88
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
ROS	reactive oxygen species
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
NEFAs	non-esterified fatty acids
S1P	sphingosine 1-phosphate
TRAIL	TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
DAMP	damage-associated molecular pattern
GPR	G-protein coupled receptor
HDAC	histone deacetylase
CREB	cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein
BCAAs	branched-chain amino acids
AAAs	aromatic amino acids
ACADSB	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short/branched chain
IA	indoleacrylic acid
IAA	indole-3-acetic acid
I3A	indole-3-aldehyde
IPA	indole-3-propionic acid
SREBP1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
AhR	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
PXR	pregnane X receptor
CA	cholic acid
CDCA	chenodeoxycholic acid
DCA	deoxycholic acid
LCA	lithocholic acid
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
TGR5	takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5
OCA	obeticholic acid
FGF	fibroblast growth factor
VLDL	very low-density lipoprotein
TMA	trimethylamine
TMAO	trimethylamine-N-oxide
CXCL6	chemokine ligand 6