Table 1.

Clinical trials of EV-based cancer therapy.

Disease	Drug	EV Source	Phase, n of Patients	Status	Reference
Malignant Pleural Effusion	Methotrexate	Autologous Tumor-Derived Microparticles	Phase 2, n = 90	Recruiting	NCT02657460 1 Guo, M. [163]
	Methotrexate	Microparticles	N/A, n = 248	Recruiting	NCT04131231 1
	Chemotherapeutic Drugs	Tumor Cell- Derived Microparticles	Phase 2, n = 30	Unknown	NCT01854866 1 Tang, K. [164]
	Cisplatin	Tumor Cell- Derived Microparticles	N/A, n = 6	Completed	Ma, J. [165]
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer	KRAS 2 G12D siRNA	MSC 3-Derived Exosomes	Phase 1, n = 28	Recruiting	NCT03608631 1 Kamerkar, S. [166]
Head and Neck Cancer	Grape Extract	Plant Exosomes	Phase 1, n = 60	Active, Not Recruiting	NCT01668849 1
	Hemopurifier Pembro-lizumab	Blood-Derived Exosomes	N/A, n = 12	Not Yet Recruiting	NCT04453046 1
Colorectal Cancer	Curcumin	Plant Exosomes	Phase 1, n = 7	Active, Not Recruiting	NCT01294072 1
	GM-CSF 4	AEX 5	Phase 1, n = 40	Completed	Dai, S. [167]
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	Antigens	Tumor Dex2 6	Phase 2, n = 41	Completed	NCT01159288 1 Besse, B. [168]
	MAGE7 Tumor Antigens	Autologous DEX 6	Phase 1, n = 13	Completed	Morse, M.A. [169]
Metastatic Melanoma	MAGE7 3 Peptides	Autologous DEX 6	Phase 1, n = 15	Completed	Escudier, B. [170]

¹ The NCT# refers to a registered National Clinical Trial (NCT) which can be found at Clinicaltrials.gov, ² Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS), ³ Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), ⁴ Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), ⁵ Ascites- Derived Exosomes (AEX), ⁶ Dendritic Cell- Derived Exosomes (DEX), ⁷ Melanoma Antigens (MAGE).