Table 2.

Effect Sizes of the Combined Interventions on Response Inhibition, Set-Shifting, and Complex EFs.

Comparison	Outcomes	No. of Studies	SMD	95% Confidence Interval	I2 (%)	Homogeneity Test
						Q	df	p
Combined intervention versus Control group	Response inhibition	8	0.29 **	0.10 to 0.48	65.6	20.35	7	0.005
	Set-shifting	13	0.24 **	0.10 to 0.37	34.03	18.19	12	0.11
	Complex EFs	8	0.34 **	0.13 to 0.56	63.67	19.27	7	0.007
	Overall	29	0.27 **	0.17 to 0.37	52.18	58.55	28	0.001
Combined intervention versus Cognitive intervention	Response inhibition	9	0.09	−0.09 to 0.26	0	5.16	8	0.74
	Set-shifting	5	0.04 *	0.04 to 0.50	0	1.15	4	0.87
	Complex EFs	7	0.07	−0.14 to 0.28	0	2.2	6	0.9
	Overall	21	0.13 *	0.01 to 0.25	0	10.6	20	0.96
Combined intervention versus Physical intervention	Response inhibition	6	0.06	−0.15 to 0.26	33.03	7.47	5	0.19
	Set-shifting	4	0.26*	0.01 to 0.52	0	2.04	3	0.56
	Complex EFs	5	0.21	−0.04 to 0.46	0	3.56	4	0.47
	Overall	15	0.16	0.02 to 0.29	5.43	14.8	14	0.39

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.05.