. 2020 Aug 31;17(17):6327. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176327

Table 3.

Factors associated with visits to local physicians when needed: results of two-level logistic regression models.

Variables		Rural to Urban Respondents					Urban to Urban Respondents					All Respondents
Variables		AOR/ICC ^†	SE	p Value	95%CI		AOR/ICC	SE	p Value	95%CI		AOR/ICC	SE	p Value	95%CI
Fixed effects (Level 1)
Enrolment with a local social health insurance program	No (reference)
Enrolment with a local social health insurance program	Yes *	1.24	0.08	<0.001	1.09	1.42	1.09	0.09	0.32	0.92	1.28	1.18	0.06	<0.001	1.06	1.30
Gender	Male (reference)
Gender	Female	1.06	0.04	0.10	0.99	1.13	1.15	0.07	0.03	1.02	1.30	1.08	0.03	0.01	1.02	1.14
Age (Years)	15–24 (reference)
	25–34	1.09	0.08	0.21	0.95	1.25	0.90	0.13	0.46	0.68	1.19	1.05	0.06	0.42	0.93	1.18
	35–44	1.05	0.08	0.47	0.91	1.22	0.82	0.13	0.21	0.61	1.12	1.00	0.07	0.98	0.87	1.14
	45–54	0.91	0.07	0.24	0.79	1.06	0.84	0.13	0.28	0.62	1.15	0.89	0.06	0.10	0.78	1.02
	55+	1.02	0.11	0.88	0.82	1.27	0.85	0.17	0.42	0.58	1.26	0.97	0.09	0.75	0.82	1.16
Marital status	Never married/Single (reference)
	Married	1.02	0.08	0.75	0.89	1.18	1.08	0.13	0.55	0.85	1.37	1.03	0.08	0.73	0.89	1.18
	Divorced	1.03	0.14	0.83	0.78	1.36	1.13	0.28	0.63	0.70	1.83	1.04	0.13	0.78	0.81	1.32
	Widowed	0.90	0.19	0.60	0.60	1.34	1.47	0.41	0.17	0.85	2.53	0.99	0.18	0.98	0.70	1.41
Educational attainment	Illiterate (reference)
	Primary school	1.05	0.10	0.61	0.87	1.27	0.64	0.19	0.13	0.36	1.14	1.01	0.10	0.94	0.84	1.21
	Junior middle school	1.14	0.11	0.17	0.94	1.38	0.66	0.20	0.16	0.37	1.18	1.09	0.10	0.32	0.92	1.29
	Senior middle school	1.09	0.15	0.52	0.84	1.43	0.72	0.21	0.27	0.41	1.29	1.06	0.12	0.61	0.85	1.31
	University/college	1.12	0.13	0.37	0.88	1.41	0.74	0.23	0.32	0.40	1.34	1.07	0.10	0.46	0.89	1.29
Employment	Unemployed (reference)
Employment	Employed	0.89	0.04	0.02	0.81	0.98	1.13	0.12	0.24	0.92	1.40	0.94	0.04	0.13	0.86	1.02
Household income ranking	Lowest (<percentile 20, reference)
	Lower (percentile 20–39.9)	1.02	0.05	0.74	0.93	1.11	1.14	0.13	0.24	0.92	1.42	1.03	0.05	0.49	0.95	1.12
	Middle (percentile 40–59.9)	1.00	0.06	0.95	0.90	1.12	1.15	0.14	0.24	0.91	1.46	1.03	0.05	0.63	0.93	1.14
	Higher (percentile 60–79.9)	1.02	0.05	0.65	0.93	1.13	1.03	0.11	0.78	0.84	1.26	1.01	0.05	0.82	0.92	1.11
	Highest (≥percentile 80)	1.07	0.08	0.42	0.92	1.24	0.96	0.12	0.77	0.76	1.23	1.01	0.07	0.84	0.88	1.17
Type of social health insurance	BMIUR/RNCMS (reference)
	BMIUE	0.83	0.07	0.02	0.71	0.97	0.95	0.09	0.62	0.80	1.14	0.85	0.05	<0.001	0.76	0.95
	Others	6.43	4.49	0.01	1.63	25.29	1.06	0.24	0.81	0.68	1.64	1.19	0.23	0.36	0.82	1.75
Self-rating of health	Good (reference)
	General	1.15	0.06	0.01	1.04	1.27	1.16	0.10	0.10	0.97	1.39	1.14	0.05	<0.001	1.05	1.25
	Poor	1.81	0.18	<0.001	1.49	2.20	1.87	0.45	0.01	1.16	3.01	1.80	0.19	<0.001	1.47	2.20
Two-week morbidity	No (reference)
Two-week morbidity	Yes	1.21	0.06	<0.001	1.10	1.34	1.20	0.11	0.05	1.00	1.45	1.21	0.06	<0.001	1.10	1.32
Chronic morbidity	No (reference)
Chronic morbidity	Yes	1.30	0.10	<0.001	1.12	1.51	1.39	0.18	0.01	1.08	1.80	1.33	0.09	<0.001	1.16	1.52
Radom effects (Level 2)
	Variance (enrolment with local social health insurance)	0.36	0.07		0.25	0.52	0.21	0.07		0.11	0.41	0.26	0.04		0.19	0.36
	Variance (intercept)	0.37	0.04		0.31	0.45	0.39	0.06		0.29	0.53	0.38	0.03		0.32	0.45
ICC
	Empty model	0.10	0.01		0.09	0.12	0.10	0.01		0.08	0.13	0.10	0.01		0.09	0.12
	Full model	0.10	0.01		0.09	0.12	0.11	0.01		0.08	0.14	0.10	0.01		0.09	0.12
Wald Chi Square test
	Chi-Square	178.31					84.32					216.78
	p value	<0.001					<0.001					<0.001

Note: * Average marginal effects (AME) of location of social health insurance funds: 4.8% (1.8%, 7.7%) for rural-to-urban respondents; 1.9% (−1.8%, 5.6%) for urban-to-urban respondents; 3.5% (1.3%, 5.8%) for all respondents. ^† ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.