Author(s) (Year)	Continent/Country	Urban/Rural	Neighborhood Definition
Barnett et al. (2017)	—Africa 1% —Asia 16% —Europe 22% —North America 46% —Oceania 13% —South America 2%	—Urban 56% —Rural 3% —Mixed 32% —Not reported 9%	Objective —Administrative/census area/postal code: 25% —Area buffer (crow-fly or road-network): 42% (≤250 m: 3%, 300 m: 1%, 400–500 m: 16%, 800–1000 m: 15%, >1000 m: 3%, Variable/not fixed: 4%) —Retirement village: 3% —Not reported: 3% Perceived —10–20 min walk from home: 24% —Other participant delineation: 22% —Retirement village: 2% —Not reported: 6%
Cerin et al. (2017)	—Africa 2% —Asia 14% —Europe 21% —North America 43% —Oceania 12% —South America 7%	—Urban 81% —Urban, suburban and/or rural 12% —Not reported 7%	Objective —Administrative/census: 36% —Area buffer (crow-fly or road-network): 31% (400–500 m: 21%, ≥1000 m: 5%, Variable/not fixed: 5%) Perceived —10–20 min walk from home: 31% —Other participant delimitation: 17% —Not reported: 2%
Cunningham & Michael (2004)	—Australia 17%; —USA 83%		Defined by an index including suburban to traditional, transit accessibility, pedestrian accessibility, and neighborhood shopping, though no single definition is consistent.
Gadais et al. (2018)	Canada 100%	x	x
Levasseur et al. (2015)	Asia 8% Europe 21%; North America 69%; South America 3%.	—Urban: 56% —Suburban: 5% —Urban and suburban: 15% —Urban and rural: 3% —Urban, rural and suburban 8% —Rural and suburban: 3% —Not reported: 19%	x
Moran et al. (2014)	—Asia 3%; —Europe 35%; —North America 55%; —Oceania 13%; —South America 6%.	—Urban 68% —Rural 10% —Urban and semi-urban/both 3% —Not reported 19%	x
Tuckett et al. (2018)	x	x	x
Van Cauwenberg et al. (2011)	—Asia 3% —Australia 6% —Europe 23% —North America 68%	—Urban 45% —Rural 6% —Urban and rural 39% —Not reported 10%	Objective —administratively (e.g., postal codes, administrative boroughs) —buffer radii (ranging from 100 m to 1 km) Perceived —vaguely as ‘the area near your home’ or ‘your neighborhood’ —the area within 10 to 15 min walking distance.
Van Cauwenberg et al. (2018)	—East Asia and Pacific 31% —Europe and Central Asia 19% —Latin America and Caribbean 8% —North America 40% —Sub-Saharan Africa 1%	—Urban 60% —Rural 1% —Mixed 32% —Not reported 7%	Objective —Administrative/census area: 36% —Area buffer < 250 m buffer: 3% (400–500 m:14%, 800–1000 m: 3%, >1000 m: 3%, Variable/not fixed: 5, 7%) Perceived —10–20 min walk from home: 29% —Participant delimitation: 7% —Not reported: 19%
Won et al. (2016)	USA 100%	—Urban or not specified: 91%; —Urban and suburban: 3%; —Rural: 6%.	—Self-definition (majority): Administrative or municipally defined boundaries —Buffer around each study’s participants home (straight-line distance, network distance)
Yen et al. (2009)	—Australia 14% —USA 86%		Objective —administrative: 71% (Census district 14%, Association boundaries 57%); —Geographic radius surrounding an individual’s residences: 28.6% (100, 500, 1000 m or 400 m)