Table 1.

PICOT (Population, intervention, comparison, outcome, type of study) scheme to define inclusion criteria.

Parameter	Description
Population	Inclusion—Older adults, noninstitutionalized self-sufficient citizens Exclusion—Children, adolescents, young adults, institutionalized/hospitalized, housebound
Intervention	Features of built environment: street connectivity and grid pattern, road signs, easy access to the structures, parking for bicycles, street lights, presence of underpasses, walking trails, sidewalks, biking trails, structure and street security, reduction of road traffic, ad hoc structures (gyms, dancing halls), open spaces, benches, shaded areas, access to transport (bicycles), presence of handrails, presence of stairs and steps
Comparison	No intervention—Absence of the selected features of built environment
Outcome	Inclusion—Promotion of physical activity and movement Exclusion—Other health outcomes
Study design	Inclusion: review

Self-sufficient, independent older population was chosen because of the huge burden of disease and disability in elderly health care for health systems. Papers that specifically considered effects of built environment on physical activity in other subgroups were excluded. Qualitative and quantitative reviews that investigated whether specific interventions on urban elements of the public built environment could promote the physical activity in older adults were eligible for inclusion. As “intervention”, many features of the built environment have been considered: street connectivity and grid pattern, road signs, easy access to the structures, parking for bicycles, street lights, presence of underpasses, walking trails, sidewalks, biking trails, structure and street security, reduction of road traffic, ad hoc structures (gyms, dancing halls), open spaces, benches, shaded areas, access to transport (bicycles), presence of handrails, presence of stairs and steps. No outcome other than physical activity and movement was included.