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mRNA expression of MMP-9, TIMP1, TNF-α, and IL-10 in soft tissue facing the laser-treated or machined surface by qPCR. Fold changes were determined from the -ΔΔCt values, calculated using 18S as reference gene and normalized to the machined-surface, as the control condition. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of 15 different specimens.* indicates values statistically different (p < 0.05) between machined- and laser-treated surfaces.
