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. 2020 Aug 22;21(17):6056. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176056

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immunostaining against DSG-3 of the region of gingiva adherent to the machined surface (a,c) or the laser-treated surface (b,d), as indicated. (e) represents the negative control. Images are representative of 15 different experiments. Scale bar: 10 µm. (f) Bar graphs show the percentage of DSG-3 immunostaining positive areas in the epithelial layers, as indicated. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of five determinations in randomly chosen sections for each specimen. * indicates values statistically different (p <0.001) between the region of the gingiva adherent to the laser-treated or to machined surfaces, as indicated.