Table 2.
Study participant demographics (N = 153).
| Characteristics | Total Sample | Arkansas (N = 28) |
Montana (N = 25) |
North Carolina (N = 25) |
Oregon (N = 25) |
Texas (N = 25) |
West Virginia (N = 25) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age | 37.9 | 39.8 | 33.2 | 32.6 | 39.1 | 44 | 38.4 |
| Mean number of adults in household | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Mean number of children in household | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
| Mean number of years living in county | 25.5 years | 37.0 years | 19.3 years | 18.2 years | 19.8 years | 32.7 years | 23.9 years |
| Number (Percentage) of single parent households | 67 (44%) | 18 (64%) | 9 (36%) | 17 (68%) | 2 (8.3%) | 14 (56%) | 7 (28%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| Black/African American | 62 (40.8%) | 25 (89.3%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (76%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (72%) | 0 (0%) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 25 (16.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (76%) | 4 (16%) | 1 (4%) |
| Native American | 21 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (84%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| White | 39 (25.7%) | 2 (7.1%) | 3 (12%) | 6 (24%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (8%) | 23 (92%) |
| Other | 3 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Prefer not to answer | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
| Education level | |||||||
| <8th Grade | 10 (6.5%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 7 (28%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
| Some high school | 22 (14.4%) | 3 (10.7%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (32%) | 6 (24%) | 3 (12%) |
| High school or GED | 60 (39.2%) | 13 (46.4%) | 3 (12%) | 15 (60%) | 4 (16%) | 15 (60%) | 10 (40%) |
| Some college | 41 (26.8%) | 8 (28.6%) | 12 (48%) | 7 (28%) | 3 (12%) | 4 (16%) | 7 (28%) |
| College degree | 18 (11.8%) | 3 (10.7%) | 6 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (16%) |
| >College | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married/living with partner | 62 (40.5%) | 7 (25%) | 9 (36%) | 5 (20%) | 22 (88%) | 4 (16%) | 15 (60%) |
| Never been married | 53 (34.6%) | 12 (42.9%) | 10 (40%) | 17 (68%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (44%) | 3 (12%) |
| Divorced | 19 (12.4%) | 4 (14.3%) | 3 (12%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (16%) | 5 (20%) |
| Separated | 10 (6.5%) | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (16%) | 2 (8%) |
| Widowed | 5 (3.3%) | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Prefer not to answer | 4 (2.6%) | 1 (3.6%) | 3 (12) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| 100% Federal Poverty Level or Less | 96 (63.0%) | 17 (60.7%) | 19 (76.0%) | 18 (72%) | 12 (48.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 13 (52.0%) |
| Program Participation | |||||||
| SNAP | 112 (73.2%) | 25 (89.3%) | 19 (76%) | 21 (84%) | 16 (64%) | 18 (72%) | 13 (52%) |
| Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children | 50 (43.7%) | 9 (32.1%) | 8 (32%) | 9 (36%) | 10 (40%) | 8 (32%) | 6 (24%) |
| Free or reduced-price lunch or breakfast | 107 (70.0%) | 21 (75%) | 18 (72%) | 21 (84%) | 21 (84%) | 9 (36%) | 17 (68%) |
| Free groceries or meals 1 | 50 (43.7%) | 7 (25%) | 9 (36%) | 12 (48%) | 10 (40%) | 2 (8%) | 10 (40%) |
| Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations | 2 (1.3%) | n/a | 2 (8%) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Medicaid | 126 (58.3%) | 23 (82.1%) | 24 (96%) | 22 (88%) | 22 (88%) | 18 (72%) | 17 (68%) |
| Temporary Assistance for Needy Families | 16 (7.4%) | n/a | 6 (24%) | 3 (12%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) |
| WorkFirst | 8 (3.7%) | n/a | n/a | 5 (20%) | 3 (12%) | n/a | n/a |
| Unemployment benefits | 4 (1.85%) | n/a | n/a | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) | n/a | 1 (4%) |
| Social Security/Disability Benefits | 27 (12.5%) | 8 (28.6%) | 2 (8%) | 6 (24%) | 1 (4%) | 6 (24%) | 4 (16%) |
| Other 2 | 47 (29.4%) | 10 (35.7%) | 6 (24%) | 7 (28%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 6 (24%) |
| None | 1 (0.7%) | n/a | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (12%) | 7 (28%) |
| Food Security Status | |||||||
| High or marginal food security | 29 (19.0%) | 5 (17.9%) | 7 (28.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 4 (16.0%) |
| Low food security | 75 (49.0%) | 15 (53.6%) | 13 (52.0%) | 7 (28.0%) | 14 (56.0%) | 14 (56.0%) | 12 (48.0%) |
| Very low food security | 49 (32.0%) | 8 (28.6%) | 5 (20.0%) | 13 (52.0%) | 7 (28.0) | 9 (36.0%) | 7 (28.0%) |
1 The full question in the eligibility screener was: “Free groceries or meals from a food pantry, food bank, church, or other place that helps with free food.” 2 Other included specific names of programs.