Table 1.
Characteristics of inpatient hospitalizations and treat-and-release emergency department visits among patients with spinal cord injury, 2006–2015
| Characteristic | Inpatient Hospitalizations | Treat-and-Release ED Visits | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervical, Quadriplegia (n=690,742) | Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Paraplegia (n=967,273) | Cauda Equina (n=130,988) | Other (n=7621) | Cervical, Quadriplegia (n=197,147) | Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Paraplegia (n=398,424) | Cauda Equina (n=14,004) | Other (n=8543) | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 51±33 | 52±34 | 54±35 | 49±38 | 46±31 | 45±31 | 47±34 | 44±33 |
| Ethnicity, (%) | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 54.6 | 54.0 | 63.8 | 55.2 | * | * | * | * |
| Non-Hispanic black | 18.5 | 20.6 | 10.5 | 15.3 | * | * | * | * |
| Hispanic | 7.9 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 10.5 | * | * | * | * |
| Other | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | * | * | * | * |
| Sex, (%) male | 70.3 | 66.3 | 56.6 | 69.2 | 75.1 | 72.1 | 50.6 | 64.7 |
| Payer source, (%) | ||||||||
| Medicare | 51.2 | 52.8 | 39.5 | 30.6 | 52.5 | 46.0 | 34.6 | 21.6 |
| Medicaid | 20.8 | 22.1 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 26.2 | 32.2 | 22.7 | 18.0 |
| Private | 20.7 | 18.4 | 34.8 | 32.9 | 14.6 | 13.4 | 24.7 | 33.7 |
| Other | 7.3 | 6.7 | 12.1 | 22.4 | 6.7 | 8.4 | 17.9 | 26.7 |
| Any GU complication, principal diagnosis, (%) | 7.7 | 9.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 18.6 | 19.4 | 9.8 | 5.3 |
| Any GU complication, any diagnosis, (%) | 52.7 | 56.6 | 25.4 | 20.9 | 34.5 | 34.3 | 17.5 | 10.1 |
| Specific GU complications, rate per 1000†, ‡ | ||||||||
| Infection of kidney | 6.6 | 13.0 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 6.4 |
| Hydronephrosis | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
| Kidney/ureter stone | 7.0 | 5.7 | 1.9 | <1.0 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 5 | 1.5 |
| Other disorder of kidney or ureter | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
| Lower urinary tract stone | 1.1 | 1.0 | <1.0 | 1.3 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
| Cystitis | 2.3 | 2.8 | 1.5 | <1.0 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 3.0 |
| Other disorder of bladder | 4.8 | 5.4 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 3.0 | <1.0 |
| Urethritis, not STI | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
| Urethral stricture | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
| Other disorders of urinary tract | 53.9 | 63.4 | 21.2 | 19.9 | 16.1 | 16.4 | 7.6 | 4.2 |
Abbreviation: STI, sexually transmitted infection.
*
Patient race/ethnicity is not available in the NEDS, from which information on treat-and-release ED visits was extracted.
†
Hospitalizations for patients with more than 1 specific type of GU complication diagnosed were counted in each GU subgroup.
‡
Subgroups with a complication rate of less than 1 per 1000 hospitalizations were expressed as <1.0.