Figure 14.

Schematic illustration of mesoporous silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles composed of a gadolinium doped UCNP core (noted as NP), mesoporous silica shell (labelled SiO₂) and Aβ oligomer-selective cyanine dye coating (noted as F-SLOH). The gadolinium-doped UCNP core provides T₁ MRI contrast and the selective binding of Aβ oligomers to the F-SLOH dye facilitates target activated NIR fluorescence (denoted near infrared imaging, NIRI). UCL refers to upconversion luminescence. Reprinted with permission from reference [171]. Copyright (2020) Wiley-VCH.