Table 2.
Risk of bias assessment.
| Study | Study Type | Major Domains | Minor Domains | OVERALL | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recruitment & Follow-up (Cohort) | Exposure Definition & Measurement | Outcome Assessment & Validation | Con-Foun-Ding & Effect Modification | Analysis Method | Chronology | Assessor Blinding | Funding | Conflict of Interest | |||
| Attarchi 2013 [48] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Brahem 2019 [49] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chang 2009 [44] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chang 2012 [50] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chang 2013 [51] | Co |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chen 2005 [52,63] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| De Souza 2015 [53] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fogari 1994 [54] § | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fogari 1995 [55] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fokin 2018 [56] | Co |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Giordano 2001 [57] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ha & Kim 1991 [58] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hwang 2012 [59] | Co |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Jegaden 1986 [60] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liu 2016 [61] | Co |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Melamed 2001 [62] | Co |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Parameswarappa 2015 [64] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pilawska 1977 [65] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shaykhlislamova 2018 [66] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Siagian 2009 [67] | Nested CC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Souto Souza 2001 [68] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stokholm 2013 [69] | Co |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Talijancic 1989 [70] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Zhao 1991 [71,72] | CS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CS Cross-sectional; Co Cohort; CC Case-Control; Low Risk; Unclear Risk; High Risk; § not in meta-analysis.