Table 1.
Metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in healthy Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats (SHHF).
| Group/ Parameter |
WKY | SHHF |
|---|---|---|
| Energy and water balance | ||
| Body mass (g) | 427.4 ± 12.9 | 469.8 ± 25.1 |
| Tibia length (cm) | 3.58 ± 0.15 | 3.82 ± 0.12 |
| 24 h food intake (g) | 23.43 ± 1.24 | 21.94 ± 1.44 |
| 24 h water intake (mL) | 33.3 ± 1.8 | 37.6 ± 2.1 |
| 24 h stool output (g) | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 11.2 ± 1.8 |
| 24 h urine output (g) | 14.6 ± 2.1 | 15.8 ± 0.7 |
| Electrolyte balance | ||
| Plasma sodium (mM) | 137.45 ± 0.87 | 143.97 ± 1.3 * |
| Plasma potassium (mM) | 4.47 ± 0.13 | 4.78 ± 0.18 |
| Plasma creatinine (mM) | 0.07 ± 0.007 | 0.07 ± 0.002 |
| Hormones | ||
| Aldosterone (ng/mL) | 8.13 ± 1.01 | 8.16 ± 1.34 |
| Vasopressin (pg/mL) | 1.516.9 ± 132.1 | 3.222.4 ± 345.4 * |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 30.98 ± 2.70 | 47.60 ± 1.31 * |
| Heart mass | ||
| Heart mass | 1.07 ± 0.04 | 1.85 ± 0.16 * |
| Arterial blood pressure and heart rate | ||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 106.9 ± 4.9 | 109.4 ± 4.9 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 66.7 ± 4.1 | 80.1 ± 4.5 * |
| HR (beats/min) | 309 ± 22 | 312 ± 35 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||
| LV EDV (mL) | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.04 * |
| LV ESV (mL) | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 |
| IVSs (cm) | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.01 * |
| IVSd (cm) | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.02 * |
| LVPWs (cm) | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.03 * |
| LVPWd (cm) | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.02 * |
| SV (mL) | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.03 * |
| EF (%) | 76.9 ± 3.5 | 65.0 ± 3.9 * |
| Left ventricle hemodynamic parameters (direct measurements) | ||
| LVEDP (mmHg) | 5.23 ± 0.63 | 4.73 ± 0.67 |
| dP/dt (mmHg/ms) | 7.02 ± 0.36 | 6.28 ± 0.08 |
| -dP/dt (mmHg/ms) | 3.53 ± 0.45 | 2.43 ± 0.10 |
| ECG | ||
| RR (ms) | 200.2 ± 16.6 | 207.7 ± 7.2 |
| QT (ms) | 50.0 ± 1.5 | 63.8 ± 3.9 * |
| QTc (ms) | 112.5 ± 3.4 | 141.4 ± 8.2 * |
| PR (ms) | 52.5 ± 2.2 | 57.9 ± 2.1 |
| QRS width (ms) | 20.6 ± 1.2 | 28.9 ± 2.1 * |
| QRS amplitude (mV) | 2.61 ± 0.40 | 1.62 ± 0.17 * |
| Intestinal blood flow | ||
| Intestinal blood flow (mL/min) | 8.56 ± 1.35 | 5.28 ± 0.75 * |
LVEDV—left ventricle end diastolic volume, LVESV—left ventricle end systolic volume, SV—stroke volume, EF—ejection fraction, IVSs—interventricular septum diameter during systole, posterior wall of the left ventricle during systole. LVEDP—pressure in the left ventricle during the end of diastole measured directly with a catheter, +dP/dt—maximal slope of systolic ventricular pressure increment,—dP/dt—maximal slope of diastolic ventricular pressure decrement. Values are means, ± SE. * p < 0.05 vs. WKY.