Table 2.

TMA/TMAO balance in healthy Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats (SHHF).

Group/ Parameter	WKY	SHHF
Stool TMA (µM)	375.3 ± 25.7	304.1 ± 20.8
Stool TMAO (µM)	LQQ	LQQ
Plasma TMA (µM)	97.42 ± 6.7	153.0 ± 20.3 *
Plasma TMAO (µM)	4.57 ± 0.39	6.67 ± 0.69 *
Liver TMA oxidation (plasma TMAO/TMA ratio)	0.049 ± 0.005	0.048 ± 0.006
Gut permeability (plasma TMA+TMAO/stool TMA)	0.28 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.08 *
Urine TMA (µM)	594.20 ± 32.73	731.41 ± 98.99 *
Urine TMAO (µM)	432.63 ± 53.61	667.61 ± 64.13 *
24 h urine output TMA + TMAO (µmol/24 h)	16.07 ± 1.98	21.09 ± 1.55 *

TMA—trimethylamine, TMAO—trimethylamine N-oxide, LQQ—below the limit of quantification. Values are means, ± SE. * p < 0.05 vs. WKY.