Table 2.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (yr) ± SD | 3.64 ± 0.78 |
| Male | 187 (67.5) |
| Diagnosis | |
| Autism | 86 (31.0) |
| Developmental delay | 71 (25.6) |
| Down syndrome (DS), Cerebral Palsy (CP), or epilepsy | 32 (11.6) |
| Multiple diagnoses | 88 (31.8) |
| Conceptual skills | |
| Average or high | 38 (13.7) |
| Limited | 171 (61.7) |
| Low | 68 (24.5) |
| Practical skills | |
| Average or high | 24 (8.7) |
| Limited | 142 (51.3) |
| Low | 111 (40.1) |
| Social skills | |
| Average or high | 43 (15.5) |
| Limited | 175 (63.2) |
| Low | 59 (21.3) |
| Parents’ educational attainment | |
| 9 years or below | 37 (13.4) |
| 10–13 years | 78 (28.2) |
| 14 years or above | 162 (58.5) |
| Household monthly income (HKD) | |
| 20,000 or below | 109 (39.4) |
| Above 20,000 | 168 (60.6) |
| Toothbrushing is a difficult task | 171 (61.7) |
| Types of toothbrush | |
| Manual | 258 (93.1) |
| Electric | 12 (4.3) |
| Both manual and electric | 7 (2.5) |
| Toothbrushing frequency | |
| Never/occasionally | 44 (15.9) |
| Once daily | 89 (32.1) |
| Twice daily or more | 144 (52.0) |
| Toothbrushing duration | |
| Less than 1 min | 76 (27.4) |
| 1–2 min | 142 (51.3) |
| 2–3 min | 47 (17.0) |
| Over 3 min | 12 (4.3) |