Table 1.
Rural vs. non-rural residence by study predictor variables (N = 1692)a
| Item | Study variables [n(%)]a | Residencea# | OR | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-rural (%) | Rural (%) | ||||
| bAge | |||||
| 18–64 [733(43.6)] | 46.0 | 40.7 | 1.00 | 0.028 | |
| ≥65 [949(56.4)] | 54.0 | 59.3 | 1.24 | – | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male [1614(95.4)] | 94.9 | 96.0 | 0.79 | 0.308 | |
| Female [78(4.6)] | 5.1 | 4.0 | 1.00 | – | |
| Race | |||||
| White [1620(95.7)] | 94.8 | 96.9 | 1.69 | 0.034 | |
| Non-White [72(4.3)] | 5.2 | 3.1 | 1.00 | – | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married [1315(77.7)] | 74.9 | 81.1 | 1.44 | 0.002 | |
| Not married [377(22.3)] | 25.1 | 18.9 | 1.00 | – | |
| Education | |||||
| College graduate [413(24.4)] | 27.5 | 20.7 | 0.69 | 0.001 | |
| Non-college graduate [1279(75.6)] | 72.5 | 79.3 | 1.00 | – | |
| Income | |||||
| ≥$100 K [373 (22.0)] | 23.1 | 20.7 | 0.87 | 0.234 | |
| <$100 K [1319(78.0)] | 76.9 | 79.3 | 1.00 | – | |
| Deployed tours | |||||
| Multiple [671(39.7)] | 38.7 | 40.9 | 1.10 | 0.364 | |
| Single [1018(60.3)] | 61.3 | 59.1 | 1.00 | – | |
| Stressful events past year | |||||
| Yes [361(21.3)] | 23.4 | 18.9 | 0.77 | 0.026 | |
| No [1331(78.7)] | 76.6 | 81.1 | 1.00 | – | |
| Combat exposure | |||||
| High [403 (23.8)] | 23.5 | 24.3 | 1.05 | 0.704 | |
| Low [1289(76.2)] | 76.5 | 75.7 | 1.00 | – | |
| Lifetime trauma | |||||
| High [351(20.7)] | 20.5 | 21.0 | 1.03 | 0.820 | |
| Low [1341(79.3)] | 79.5 | 79.0 | 1.00 | – | |
| Social support | |||||
| Low [309(18.3)] | 18.7 | 17.7 | 0.94 | 0.606 | |
| Not low[1383(81.7)] | 81.3 | 82.3 | 1.00 | – | |
| Social capital | |||||
| Low [338(20.0)] | 23.7 | 15.5 | 0.59 | < 0.001 | |
| Not low [1354(80.0)] | 76.3 | 84.5 | 1.00 | – | |
aBased on column percent. #Proportional difference P < 0.001, based on 99% exact confidence intervals for nonrural vs. rural. bThe age had 10 missing values. Altogether, 38 veterans had missing zipcode data and excluded from this analysis