Table 4.
Association of body mass index, fat mass and lean body mass with risk of lung cancer by smoking status and time since quitting smoking (Pooled results of the Nurses’ Health Study, 1986-2014 and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1987-2012).
| Analysis | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never-smokers | Past-smokers | Current-smokers | Never or quit smoking at least 10 yrs |
Current or smoked in the last 10 yrs |
|
| No of cases | |||||
| BMI | 313 | 1407 | 895 | 1196 | 1419 |
| Decile 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Decile 2 | 0.99 (0.56-1.75) | 0.86 (0.68-1.09) | 0.82 (0.64-1.06) | 1.01 (0.76-1.33) | 0.78 (0.64-0.97) |
| Decile 3 | 1.82 (1.11-2.99) | 0.96 (0.76-1.20) | 0.80 (0.61-1.04) | 1.19 (0.91-1.55) | 0.87 (0.71-1.07) |
| Decile 4 | 1.59 (0.95-2.67) | 0.84 (0.66-1.07) | 0.72 (0.54-0.95) | 1.12 (0.85-1.47) | 0.71 (0.56-0.89) |
| Decile 5 | 1.24 (0.73-2.12) | 0.88 (0.70-1.11) | 0.83 (0.63-1.08) | 1.05 (0.80-1.37) | 0.83 (0.67-1.02) |
| Decile 6 | 1.12 (0.65-1.94) | 0.97 (0.77-1.21) | 0.77 (0.58-1.01) | 1.14 (0.88-1.48) | 0.78 (0.63-0.96) |
| Decile 7 | 1.40 (0.83-2.36) | 0.94 (0.75-1.17) | 0.95 (0.73-1.23) | 1.20 (0.93-1.56) | 0.85 (0.69-1.05) |
| Decile 8 | 1.22 (0.71-2.08) | 0.77 (0.60-0.97) | 0.81 (0.61-1.06) | 1.00 (0.77-1.31) | 0.71 (0.57-0.89) |
| Decile 9 | 1.42 (0.84-2.38) | 0.91 (0.72-1.14) | 0.81 (0.61-1.08) | 1.13 (0.87-1.48) | 0.80 (0.64-0.99) |
| Decile 10 | 0.88 (0.49-1.59) | 0.77 (0.60-0.98) | 0.69 (0.50-0.95) | 0.86 (0.65-1.15) | 0.70 (0.55-0.89) |
| P-trend | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.003 |
| Fat massa,b | |||||
| Decile 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Decile 2 | 1.41 (0.78-2.57) | 0.99 (0.77-1.28) | 0.80 (0.59-1.06) | 1.09 (0.81-1.47) | 0.87 (0.69-1.09) |
| Decile 3 | 1.87 (1.02-3.42) | 0.88 (0.67-1.16) | 0.96 (0.71-1.29) | 1.11 (0.81-1.51) | 0.92 (0.73-1.18) |
| Decile 4 | 1.55 (0.81-2.95) | 0.82 (0.62-1.10) | 0.87 (0.62-1.21) | 0.97 (0.70-1.35) | 0.87 (0.66-1.13) |
| Decile 5 | 1.34 (0.68-2.66) | 0.95 (0.71-1.27) | 0.81 (0.56-1.15) | 1.09 (0.78-1.52) | 0.81 (0.61-1.08) |
| Decile 6 | 1.51 (0.75-3.04) | 1.01 (0.75-1.36) | 1.00 (0.69-1.44) | 1.12 (0.80-1.58) | 1.01 (0.76-1.34) |
| Decile 7 | 1.28 (0.61-2.72) | 0.93 (0.68-1.27) | 0.97 (0.66-1.42) | 1.02 (0.71-1.47) | 0.94 (0.69-1.27) |
| Decile 8 | 1.56 (0.71-3.40) | 0.96 (0.69-1.34) | 1.15 (0.77-1.72) | 1.16 (0.80-1.69) | 1.01 (0.73-1.39) |
| Decile 9 | 1.35 (0.57-3.21) | 1.04 (0.73-1.49) | 1.39 (0.90-2.16) | 1.20 (0.80-1.81) | 1.14 (0.80-1.61) |
| Decile 10 | 1.11 (0.39-3.21) | 1.03 (0.67-1.58) | 0.91 (0.52-1.59) | 0.86 (0.53-1.42) | 1.13 (0.75-1.72) |
| P-trend | 0.63 | 0.98 | 0.61 | 0.72 | 0.75 |
| Lean body massa,c | |||||
| Decile 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Decile 2 | 0.93 (0.55-1.56) | 0.94 (0.74-1.19) | 0.93 (0.71-1.21) | 1.07 (0.82-1.40) | 0.87 (0.70-1.08) |
| Decile 3 | 0.83 (0.48-1.46) | 1.09 (0.85-1.40) | 0.85 (0.63-1.15) | 1.09 (0.82-1.44) | 0.92 (0.73-1.16) |
| Decile 4 | 1.04 (0.59-1.83) | 0.95 (0.73-1.25) | 0.84 (0.61-1.16) | 1.14 (0.85-1.53) | 0.81 (0.62-1.04) |
| Decile 5 | 0.89 (0.48-1.65) | 0.96 (0.73-1.26) | 0.91 (0.65-1.28) | 1.03 (0.75-1.41) | 0.91 (0.70-1.18) |
| Decile 6 | 0.94 (0.50-1.80) | 0.98 (0.74-1.31) | 0.91 (0.64-1.29) | 1.20 (0.87-1.65) | 0.81 (0.61-1.07) |
| Decile 7 | 1.28 (0.67-2.44) | 0.94 (0.69-1.26) | 0.82 (0.56-1.20) | 1.13 (0.81-1.58) | 0.82 (0.61-1.10) |
| Decile 8 | 0.80 (0.38-1.66) | 0.79 (0.57-1.09) | 0.68 (0.45-1.02) | 0.83 (0.57-1.20) | 0.72 (0.52-0.99) |
| Decile 9 | 0.90 (0.40-2.00) | 0.84 (0.59-1.18) | 0.68 (0.43-1.05) | 0.97 (0.66-1.44) | 0.70 (0.49-0.98) |
| Decile 10 | 1.00 (0.37-2.71) | 0.77 (0.51-1.17) | 0.60 (0.35-1.04) | 1.09 (0.68-1.76) | 0.55 (0.36-0.84) |
| P-trend | 0.95 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.93 | 0.008 |
All models were adjusted for age, smoking status (never, past, or current smokers), time since quit smoking (<3, 3-5.9, 6-9.9, 10-14.9, 15-19.9, >20 years, or unknown), cigarettes per day (1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45+ cigarettes/day, or unknown), race (White or non-White), alcohol (0, 0.1-4.9, 5-9.9, 10-14.9, or 15.0+ g/day), physical activity (<3, 3-8.9, 9-17.9, 18-26.9, or >27 MET-hour/week), diet quality (quintiles). For FM and LBM models, FM and LBM were mutually adjusted (deciles).