Table 4.
Contents of free hydroxy fatty acids in cow milk and goat milk samples (μg/mL fresh milk).
| Cow Milk (n = 17), Triplicates | Goat Milk (n = 12), Triplicates | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroxy Fatty Acid | Minimum Value (μg/mL) | Maximum Value (μg/mL) | Mean Value ± SD (μg/mL) | Level of Significance | Minimum Value (μg/mL) | Maximum Value (μg/mL) | Mean Value ± SD (μg/mL) | Level of Significance |
| 2HPA | 8.2 | 40.8 | 22.7± 4.1 | ** | 9.0 | 27.3 | 19.1 ± 6.1 | * |
| 3HPA | 9.0 | 60.8 | 32.1 ± 3.3 | *** | 39.3 | 46.6 | 41.5 ± 2.7 | *** |
| 7HPA | <LOQ a | 23.1 | 14.7 ± 7.1 b | NS | <LOQ c | 5.8 | 2.8 ± 0.9 b | *** |
| 8HPA | 14.2 | 42.6 | 26.8 ± 3.5 | NS | 7.7 | 44.3 | 22.5 ± 8.0 | NS |
| 9HPA | 13.2 | 45.6 | 17.6 ± 5.2 | ** | 7.5 | 18.8 | 12.8 ± 3.9 | NS |
| 10HPA | 6.2 | 33.1 | 20.7 ± 4.2 | NS | 5.2 | 7.8 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | *** |
| 11HPA | 14.4 | 89.2 | 42.9 ± 4.7 | *** | 6.5 | 18.9 | 13.5 ± 2.6 | NS |
| 16HPA | 15.3 | 82.1 | 37.2 ± 5.1 | *** | 17.1 | 40.8 | 25.1 ± 5.2 | ** |
| 2HSA | 10.0 | 51.8 | 23.5 ± 2.6 | ** | 5.8 | 32.6 | 20.1 ± 6.8 | NS |
| 3HSA | 12.1 | 54.4 | 33.8± 6.6 | *** | 12.9 | 38.3 | 25.3 ± 6.3 | *** |
| 7HSA | 38.3 | 378.8 | 175.1 ± 3.4 | *** | 21.5 | 48.0 | 38.2 ± 8.2 | ** |
| 8HSA | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.5 ± 0.0 b | - | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.5 ± 0.0 b | – |
| 9HSA | 8.9 | 43.4 | 20.1 ± 4.7 | *** | 6.4 | 10.8 | 8.6 ± 1.5 | ** |
| 10HSA | 31.2 | 250.1 | 72.4 ± 6.1 | *** | 18.0 | 75.4 | 39.1 ± 7.2 | ** |
| 12HSA | <LOQ a | 22.3 | 17.9 ± 5.3 b | NS | 5.0 | 11.1 | 9.1 ± 2.1 | ** |
| 3HCA | <LOQ d | 18.9 | 7.7 ± 4.1 b | *** | 11.8 | 25.2 | 18.8 ± 3.8 | *** |
| 3HLA | <LOQ a | 36.8 | 13.2 ± 3.8 b | * | 6.0 | 15.2 | 11.4 ± 2.3 | NS |
| 3HMA | <LOD d | 19.5 | 12.5 ± 4.3 b | ** | 6.1 | 20.8 | 16.1 ± 3.5 | NS |
| 3HPDA | <LOQ e | 18.1 | 4.5 ± 3.1 b | *** | 8.5 | 15.6 | 11.5 ± 1.9 | NS |
Content lower than LOQ in a 7, c 10, d 8, e 13 samples; b: the mean value was determined using medium-bound approach; SD: standard deviation; NS: p> 0.05. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.