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. 2020 Sep 7;11:1048. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01048

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Copyright © 2020 Valcin, Udoh, Swain, Andringa, Patel, Al Diffalha, Baker, Gamble and Bailey.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Chronic alcohol and liver clock disruption alter diurnal mRNA rhythms of triglyceride metabolism genes. Pathway for triglyceride synthesis/breakdown (A). Diurnal mRNA profiles of Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (Gpat1; B,C), 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha (Agpat1; D,E), 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta (Agpat2; F,G), Lipin-1 (Lpin1; H,I), Lipin-2 (Lpin2; J,K), Diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 2 (Dgat2; L,M), Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2/Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (Pnpla2/ATGL; N,O), Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (Pnpla3; P,Q) were measured in livers of control-fed (black) and alcohol-fed (red) Bmal1 Flox/Flox (Fl/Fl) and control-fed (purple) and alcohol-fed (green) Bmal1 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice at ZT 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 (ZT 0: lights on/inactive period, ZT 12: lights off/active period, gray area) by RT-PCR. Data are presented as a fold-change to the Bmal1 Fl/Fl control diet trough time-point and normalized to Ppia. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM for n = 4–8 mice/genotype/diet/time point. Solid lines indicate rhythmic mRNA levels and a significant cosine fit, whereas dashed lines indicate arrhythmicity and a non-significant cosine fit. Results for Cosinor and ANOVA analyses are provided in Supplementary Tables 4 and 6, respectively.