Table 1.

Association of patient characteristics with lower PCS score.

Characteristic	N (%)a	PCS score			Unadjusted	P value	Adjustedb	P value
		≥45.7	32.7–45.7	<32.7	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Sex
Male	1,489 (60.1)	498	517	474	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Female	989 (39.9)	294	325	370	1.23 (1.06–1.43)	0.005	1.10 (0.93–1.30)	0.29
Age at diagnosis, yrs
18–44	162 (6.5)	45	56	61	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
45–54	534 (21.5)	165	197	172	0.82 (0.60–1.14)	0.24	0.83 (0.59–1.17)	0.29
55–64	888 (35.8)	306	303	279	0.75 (0.55–1.02)	0.06	0.76 (0.54–1.05)	0.10
65–74	651 (26.3)	207	214	230	0.87 (0.63–1.19)	0.38	0.91 (0.65–1.29)	0.60
≥75	243 (9.8)	69	72	102	1.10 (0.76–1.59)	0.61	1.06 (0.71–1.60)	0.77
P for trend						0.29		0.35
Marital status
Married	1952 (78.8)	640	684	628	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Never married	203 (8.2)	61	66	76	1.20 (0.92–1.57)	0.18	1.10 (0.83–1.46)	0.50
Divorced	138 (5.6)	44	38	56	1.25 (0.90–1.73)	0.18	1.11 (0.79–1.56)	0.55
Widowed	167 (6.7)	42	51	74	1.58 (1.18–2.13)	0.002	1.10 (0.79–1.54)	0.58
Others	18 (0.7)	5	3	10	2.09 (0.83–5.29)	0.12	2.91 (1.13–7.51)	0.03
Race
Non-Hispanic whites	1966 (79.3)	678	655	633	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
African-Americans	166 (6.7)	34	54	78	1.94 (1.44–2.61)	<0.001	1.33 (0.97–1.83)	0.07
Hispanics	186 (7.5)	34	72	80	1.81 (1.38–2.39)	<0.001	1.69 (1.26–2.26)	<0.001
Others	160 (6.5)	46	61	53	1.16 (0.87–1.55)	0.32	1.01 (0.74–1.39)	0.93
Education
< High school	171 (6.9)	29	55	87	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
High school/vocational	681 (27.5)	190	199	292	0.65 (0.47–0.89)	0.008	0.80 (0.57–1.12)	0.19
≥ College degree	1508 (60.9)	540	545	423	0.38 (0.28–0.52)	<0.001	0.59 (0.42–0.83)	<0.001
Unknown	118 (4.8)	33	43	42	0.54 (0.35–0.84)	0.006	0.69 (0.43–1.10)	0.12
P for trend						<0.001		<0.001
Occupation
White collar	914 (36.9)	307	339	268	1.00 (Ref)		1(reference)
Blue collar	311 (12.6)	81	114	116	1.41 (1.12–1.78)	0.004	1.12 (0.86–1.45)	0.40
Others	164 (6.6)	55	56	53	1.07 (0.79–1.45)	0.67	0.83 (0.60–1.15)	0.26
Unknown	1089 (43.9)	349	333	407	1.24 (1.06–1.46)	0.008	1.10 (0.92–1.31)	0.30
Smoking status
Never	1122 (45.6)	373	382	367	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Former	1056 (42.9)	345	367	344	1.01 (0.87–1.18)	0.90	1.07 (0.91–1.26)	0.43
Current	282 (11.5)	72	83	127	1.60 (1.25–2.04)	<0.001	1.59 (1.23–2.06)	<0.001
P for trend						0.004		0.003
Alcohol use
Never	1030 (41.8)	275	329	426	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Former	671 (27.3)	171	248	252	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.44	0.93 (0.77–1.13)	0.47
Current	761 (30.9)	344	255	162	0.41 (0.34–0.49)	<0.001	0.46 (0.38–0.55)	<0.001
P for trend						<0.001		<0.001
Tumour size
0–20 mm	105 (4.2)	44	35	26	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
21–30 mm	233 (9.4)	94	81	58	1.04 (0.68–1.60)	0.85	1.20 (0.77–1.88)	0.42
>30 mm	526 (21.2)	173	174	179	1.52 (1.03–2.24)	0.04	1.40 (0.92–2.13)	0.11
Unknown	1614 (65.1)	481	552	581	1.70 (1.18–2.45)	0.004	1.49 (0.99–2.25)	0.06
P for trend						<0.001		0.04
AJCC cancer stage
I	97 (3.9)	45	33	19	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
II	221 (8.9)	103	66	52	1.07 (0.69–1.67)	0.77	1.08 (0.68–1.72)	0.75
III	162 (6.5)	58	54	50	1.64 (1.03–2.62)	0.04	1.80 (1.10–2.94)	0.02
IV	533 (21.5)	140	184	209	2.47 (1.65–3.69)	<0.001	2.32 (1.50–3.59)	<0.001
Unknown	1465 (59.1)	446	505	514	2.05 (1.40–3.00)	<0.001	1.72 (1.12–2.65)	0.01
P for trend						<0.001		<0.001
Metastatic site(s)
1	239 (44.8)	64	76	99	1.00 (Ref)
≥2	294 (55.2)	76	108	110	0.92 (0.67–1.26)	0.61	0.89 (0.64–1.25)	0.52
Comorbidity
No	721 (29.1)	268	255	198	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	1757 (70.9)	524	587	646	1.46 (1.24–1.71)	<0.001	1.39 (1.17–1.65)	<0.001
Heart disease
No	2003 (80.8)	666	679	658	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	475 (19.2)	126	163	186	1.30 (1.06–1.60)	0.002	1.30 (1.06–1.60)	0.01
Lung disease
No	2281 (92.1)	751	783	747	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	197 (7.9)	41	59	97	1.95 (1.48–2.57)	<0.001	1.86 (1.39–2.48)	<0.001
Diabetes
No	1825 (73.6)	635	625	565	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	653 (26.4)	157	217	279	1.67 (1.42–1.97)	<0.001	1.43 (1.19–1.72)	<0.001
Hypertension
No	1343 (54.2)	470	449	424	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	1135 (45.8)	322	393	420	1.31 (1.14–1.52)	<0.001	1.11 (0.92–1.34)	0.27
Liver disease
No	2343 (94.6)	759	796	788	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	135 (5.4)	33	46	56	1.43 (1.04–1.97)	0.03	1.06 (0.76–1.49)	0.72
Renal disease
No	2210 (89.0)	729	756	725	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	268 (10.8)	63	86	119	1.62 (1.28–2.06)	<0.001	1.48 (1.14–1.91)	<0.001
Infectious disease
No	2439 (98.4)	786	829	824	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	39 (1.6)	6	13	20	2.19 (1.21–3.97)	0.01	1.85 (0.99–3.43)	0.05
Stroke
No	2397 (96.7)	786	812	799	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	81 (3.3)	6	30	45	2.89 (1.90–4.39)	<0.001	2.57 (1.65–3.99)	<0.001
Digestive tract bleeding
No	2420 (97.7)	780	825	815	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	58 (2.3)	12	17	29	1.93 (1.17–3.16)	0.01	1.55 (0.93–2.60)	0.09
Seizure
No	2449 (98.8)	786	835	828	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	29 (1.2)	6	7	16	2.24 (1.09–4.57)	0.03	1.83 (0.87–3.83)	0.11
Time since diagnosisc
< 1 month	1174 (47.4)	429	375	370	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
1–3 months	890 (35.9)	226	326	338	1.49 (1.27–1.74)	<0.001	1.27 (1.07–1.52)	0.007
3–6 months	218 (8.8)	64	72	82	1.36 (1.04–1.77)	0.03	1.10 (0.79–1.52)	0.58
≥ 6 months	196 (7.9)	73	69	54	0.90 (0.68–1.19)	0.47	0.83 (0.59–1.16)	0.28
P for trend						0.17		0.99
Years of diagnosis
1999–2001	218 (8.8)	59	79	80	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
2002–2004	355 (14.3)	109	110	136	0.96 (0.71–1.31)	0.81	0.97 (0.70–1.34)	0.86
2005–2007	632 (25.5)	204	215	213	0.83 (0.63–1.10)	0.20	0.87 (0.64–1.17)	0.35
2008–2010	820 (33.1)	269	275	276	0.82 (0.63–1.08)	0.16	0.89 (0.66–1.18)	0.41
2011–2012	453 (18.3)	151	163	139	0.76 (0.57–1.02)	0.07	0.87 (0.64–1.20)	0.40
P for trend						0.03		0.34

Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PCS, Physical Component Summary.

^aMissing values not included: smoking status (N = 18); alcohol status (N = 16), percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

^bAdjusted for sex, age, marital status, race, education level, occupation, smoking, alcohol use, tumour size, cancer stage, comorbidity, treatment before survey, time since diagnosis and years of diagnosis if appropriate.

^cThe interval between initial diagnosis and quality-of-life survey.