Table 2.

Association of patient characteristics with lower MCS score.

Characteristic	N (%)a	MCS score			Unadjusted	P value	Adjustedb	P value
		≥52.3	40.3–52.3	<40.3	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Sex
Male	1489 (60.1)	517	512	460	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Female	989 (39.9)	278	334	377	1.37 (1.18–1.59)	<0.001	1.37 (1.16–1.64)	<0.001
Age at diagnosis, yrs
18–44	162 (6.5)	42	59	61	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
45–54	534 (21.5)	168	179	187	0.83 (0.61–1.15)	0.27	0.81 (0.58–1.13)	0.21
55–64	888 (35.8)	257	332	299	0.85 (0.63–1.16)	0.31	0.82 (0.59–1.13)	0.23
65–74	651 (26.3)	232	208	211	0.71 (0.52–0.98)	0.04	0.66 (0.47–0.93)	0.02
≥75	243 (9.8)	96	68	79	0.65 (0.45–0.94)	0.02	0.56 (0.37–0.84)	0.005
P for trend						0.006		0.001
Marital status
Married	1952 (78.8)	637	691	624	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Never married	203 (8.2)	62	65	76	1.19 (0.91–1.56)	0.20	1.03 (0.78–1.36)	0.82
Divorced	138 (5.6)	40	36	62	1.49 (1.07–2.07)	0.02	1.37 (0.97–1.92)	0.07
Widowed	167 (6.7)	52	48	67	1.26 (0.93–1.69)	0.13	1.11 (0.79–1.54)	0.55
Others	18 (0.7)	4	6	8	1.69 (0.71–3.99)	0.24	1.81 (0.75–4.39)	0.19
Race
Non-Hispanic whites	1966 (79.3)	656	670	640	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
African-Americans	166 (6.7)	43	52	71	1.51 (1.12–2.02)	0.007	1.24 (0.91–1.68)	0.18
Hispanics	186 (7.5)	40	62	84	1.75 (1.32–2.31)	<0.001	1.66 (1.24–2.23)	<0.001
Others	160 (6.5)	56	62	42	0.84 (0.63–1.13)	0.24	0.82 (0.60–1.12)	0.22
Education
< High school	171 (6.9)	43	47	81	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
High school/vocational	681 (27.5)	205	218	258	0.70 (0.51–0.97)	0.03	0.81 (0.58–1.13)	0.22
≥ College degree	1508 (60.9)	509	545	454	0.54 (0.40–0.73)	<0.001	0.71 (0.51–0.98)	0.04
Unknown	118 (4.8)	38	36	44	0.66 (0.43–1.03)	0.07	0.79 (0.50–1.26)	0.32
P for trend						<0.001		0.06
Occupation
White collar	914 (36.9)	302	321	291	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Blue collar	311 (12.6)	95	103	113	1.17 (0.93–1.49)	0.19	1.07 (0.83–1.39)	0.58
Others	164 (6.6)	56	52	56	1.03 (0.76–1.40)	0.86	0.89 (0.64–1.24)	0.50
Unknown	1089 (43.9)	342	370	377	1.11 (0.94–1.30)	0.22	1.07 (0.90–1.27)	0.47
Smoking status
Never	1122 (45.6)	368	398	356	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Former	1056 (42.9)	331	372	353	1.07 (0.92–1.25)	0.37	1.09 (0.92–1.28)	0.33
Current	282 (11.5)	90	70	122	1.35 (1.05–1.73)	0.02	1.15 (0.89–1.49)	0.29
P for trend						0.03		0.21
Alcohol use
Never	1030 (41.8)	326	357	347	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Former	671 (27.3)	177	216	278	1.35 (1.13–1.62)	0.001	1.44 (1.18–1.75)	<0.001
Current	761 (30.9)	288	265	208	0.75 (0.63–0.89)	0.001	0.84 (0.70–1.01)	0.07
P for trend						0.005		0.08
Tumour size
0–20 mm	105 (4.2)	34	34	37	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
21–30 mm	233 (9.4)	82	80	71	0.84 (0.55–1.29)	0.43	0.92 (0.60–1.43)	0.71
>30 mm	526 (21.2)	165	182	179	0.99 (0.68–1.46)	0.98	1.02 (0.68–1.54)	0.92
Unknown	1614 (65.1)	514	550	550	0.99 (0.68–1.42)	0.94	1.06 (0.71–1.59)	0.77
P for trend						0.53		0.45
AJCC cancer stage
I	97 (3.9)	36	29	32	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
II	221 (8.9)	95	59	67	0.81 (0.52–1.27)	0.36	0.80 (0.50–1.27)	0.34
III	162 (6.5)	45	52	65	1.46 (0.92–2.34)	0.11	1.57 (0.96–2.55)	0.07
IV	533 (21.5)	159	187	187	1.24 (0.83–1.86)	0.30	1.16 (0.75–1.78)	0.51
Unknown	1465 (59.1)	460	519	486	1.15 (0.78–1.68)	0.49	1.22 (0.80–1.87)	0.36
P for trend						0.16		0.07
Metastatic site(s)
1	239 (44.8)	70	83	86	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
≥2	294 (55.2)	89	104	101	0.94 (0.69–1.29)	0.71	0.98 (0.70–1.36)	0.90
Comorbidity
No	721 (29.1)	240	262	219	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	1757 (70.9)	555	584	618	1.16 (0.99–1.36)	0.07	1.22 (1.03–1.44)	0.02
Heart disease
No	2003 (80.8)	646	706	651	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	475 (19.2)	149	140	186	1.19 (0.99–1.44)	0.06	1.37 (1.11–1.68)	0.003
Lung disease
No	2281 (92.1)	737	782	762	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	197 (7.9)	58	64	75	1.19 (0.91–1.56)	0.21	1.15 (0.87–1.53)	0.31
Diabetes
No	1825 (73.6)	584	630	611	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	653 (26.4)	211	216	226	1.02 (0.86–1.20)	0.82	0.92 (0.77–1.11)	0.40
Hypertension
No	1343 (54.2)	432	477	434	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	1135 (45.8)	363	369	403	1.08 (0.93–1.25)	0.30	1.01 (0.84–1.21)	0.95
Liver disease
No	2343 (94.6)	762	802	779	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	135 (5.4)	33	44	58	1.50 (1.09–2.08)	0.01	1.32 (0.94–1.84)	0.11
Renal disease
No	2210 (89.0)	710	755	745	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	268 (10.8)	85	91	92	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.84	1.04 (0.81–1.33)	0.78
Infectious disease
No	2439 (98.4)	787	835	817	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	39 (1.6)	8	11	20	2.02 (1.10–3.69)	0.02	1.75 (0.94–3.25)	0.08
Stroke
No	2397 (96.7)	775	817	805	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	81 (3.3)	20	29	32	1.35 (0.90–2.03)	0.14	1.30 (0.85–1.98)	0.22
Digestive tract bleeding
No	2420 (97.7)	779	825	816	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	58 (2.3)	16	21	21	1.17 (0.73–1.88)	0.52	1.07 (0.66–1.76)	0.77
Seizure
No	2449 (98.8)	787	835	827	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
Yes	29 (1.2)	8	11	10	1.12 (0.58–2.18)	0.73	0.98 (0.50–1.93)	0.96
Time since diagnosisc
< 1 month	1174 (47.4)	356	432	386	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
1–3 months	890 (35.9)	289	276	325	1.04 (0.88–1.22)	0.65	0.99 (0.83–1.18)	0.92
3–6 months	218 (8.8)	83	66	69	0.81 (0.62–1.06)	0.13	0.92 (0.66–1.28)	0.61
≥ 6 months	196 (7.9)	67	72	57	0.84 (0.64–1.11)	0.23	1.05 (0.75–1.46)	0.77
P for trend						0.14		0.94
Years of diagnosis
1999–2001	218 (8.8)	57	73	88	1.00 (Ref)		1.00 (Ref)
2002–2004	355 (14.3)	111	132	112	0.73 (0.53–0.99)	0.04	0.72 (0.52–0.99)	0.05
2005–2007	632 (25.5)	204	195	233	0.80 (0.61–1.07)	0.14	0.88 (0.65–1.19)	0.41
2008–2010	820 (33.1)	267	288	265	0.72 (0.55–0.95)	0.02	0.78 (0.59–1.05)	0.10
2011–2012	453 (18.3)	156	158	139	0.66 (0.49–0.90)	0.007	0.75 (0.55–1.03)	0.08
P for trend						0.02		0.24

Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; CI, confidence interval; MCS, Mental Component Summary; OR, odds ratio.

^aMissing values not included: smoking status (N = 18); alcohol status (N = 16), percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

^bAdjusted for sex, age, marital status, race, education level, occupation, smoking, alcohol use, tumour size, cancer stage, comorbidity, treatment before survey, time since diagnosis and years of diagnosis if appropriate.

^cThe interval between initial diagnosis and quality-of-life survey.