Table 2.
LMEM results for the study’s primary aim, by outcome measure
| Outcome | Estimated Mean±SEM, by week | Main effect/interaction | df | Error | F | p |
| Subjective outcome (questionnaire) | ||||||
| Sleep quality (PSQI) | Baseline = 11.89±0.53 | Data collection week | 4 | 98.34 | 24.39 | <0.001 |
| Week 3 = 8.74±0.53 | Sex | 1 | 43.18 | 6.90 | 0.01 | |
| Week 9 = 7.23±0.55 | Cognitive state | 1 | 43.18 | 2.78 | 0.10 | |
| Week 17 = 6.82±0.60 | Data collection week×sex | 4 | 98.34 | 0.79 | 0.54 | |
| Week 25 = 5.36±0.63 | Data collection week×cognitive state | 4 | 98.34 | 1.76 | 0.14 | |
| Sex×cognitive state | 1 | 43.18 | 0.00 | 0.99 | ||
| Data collection week×sex×cognitive state | 4 | 98.34 | 0.49 | 0.74 | ||
| Objective outcomes (actigraphy) | ||||||
| IS | Baseline = 0.36±0.03 | Data collection week | 4 | 96.90 | 1.30 | 0.28 |
| Week 3 = 0.35±0.03 | Sex | 1 | 40.73 | 1.11 | 0.30 | |
| Week 9 = 0.41±0.03 | Cognitive state | 1 | 40.73 | 0.04 | 0.84 | |
| Week 17 = 0.35±0.03 | Data collection week×sex | 4 | 96.90 | 1.29 | 0.28 | |
| Week 25 = 0.40±0.03 | Data collection week×cognitive state | 4 | 96.90 | 0.31 | 0.871 | |
| Sex×cognitive state | 1 | 40.73 | 0.38 | 0.54 | ||
| Data collection week×sex×cognitive state | 4 | 96.90 | 0.74 | 0.57 | ||
| IV | Baseline = 1.05±0.06 | Data collection week | 4 | 89.67 | 0.23 | 0.92 |
| Week 3 = 1.05±0.06 | Sex | 1 | 39.62 | 0.06 | 0.81 | |
| Week 9 = 1.03±0.06 | Cognitive state | 1 | 39.62 | 4.40 | 0.04 | |
| Week 17 = 1.07±0.06 | Data collection week×sex | 4 | 89.67 | 0.92 | 0.46 | |
| Week 25 = 1.01±0.06 | Data collection week×cognitive state | 4 | 89.67 | 1.98 | 0.11 | |
| Sex×cognitive state | 1 | 39.62 | 0.22 | 0.64 | ||
| Data collection week×sex×cognitive state | 4 | 89.67 | 0.17 | 0.95 | ||
| Actual sleep time | Baseline = 473.69±18.28 | Data collection week | 4 | 119.92 | 0.34 | 0.86 |
| Week 3 = 478.10±18.60 | Sex | 1 | 42.34 | 4.77 | 0.04 | |
| Week 9 = 481.30±18.83 | Cognitive state | 1 | 42.34 | 9.57 | 0.003 | |
| Week 17 = 491.00±20.30 | Data collection week×sex | 4 | 119.92 | 0.61 | 0.66 | |
| Week 25 = 490.56±20.31 | Data collection week×cognitive state | 4 | 119.92 | 0.99 | 0.42 | |
| Sex×cognitive state | 1 | 42.34 | 0.35 | 0.56 | ||
| Data collection week×sex×cognitive state | 4 | 119.92 | 0.89 | 0.48 | ||
| Actual sleep time percentage | Baseline = 90.73±0.94 | Data collection week | 4 | 113.30 | 0.69 | 0.60 |
| Week 3 = 91.67±0.97 | Sex | 1 | 40.29 | 4.73 | 0.04 | |
| Week 9 = 91.05±0.98 | Cognitive state | 1 | 40.29 | 0.11 | 0.74 | |
| Week 17 = 92.33±1.08 | Data collection week×sex | 4 | 113.30 | 0.79 | 0.53 | |
| Week 25 = 91.84±1.07 | Data collection week×cognitive state | 4 | 113.30 | 0.85 | 0.50 | |
| Sex×cognitive state | 1 | 40.29 | 0.65 | 0.43 | ||
| Data collection week×sex×cognitive state | 4 | 113.30 | 0.96 | 0.43 | ||
PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; IS, interdaily stability; IV, intradaily variability. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) results are shown in bold.