Table 2.

Proportion change in specific antidiabetic drug usage with annual increments

	Diabetes - Whole cohort
	Dementia Cases β (95% CI)	Dementia-free Controls β (95% CI)	Absolute difference
Insulin	1.99% (1.65–2.34)*	1.37% (1.27–1.47)*	0.62% (D↑)
Metformin	–1.33% (–1.65;–1.00)*	–1.09% (–1.23;–0.94)*	0.24% (D↓)
Sulfonylureas	–1.38% (–1.09;–0.96)*	–1.38% (–1.58;–1.18)*	0%
TZD	–0.20% (–0.23;–0.17)*	–0.18% (–0.21;–0.14)*	0.02% (D↓)
DPP-4i	0.53% (0.47–0.60)*	0.84% (0.76–0.93)*	0.31% (ND↑)
GLP-1a	0.12% (0.07–0.17)*	0.19% (0.17–0.22)*	0.07% (ND↑)
SGLT-2i	0.06% (0.04–0.08)*	0.17% (0.14–0.20)*	0.11% (ND↑)
	Diabetes –PS-matched cohort
	Dementia Cases β (95% CI)	Dementia-free Controls β (95% CI)	Absolute difference
Insulin	1.96% (1.61–2.31)*	0.99% (0.82–1.15)*	0.97% (D↑)
Metformin	–1.33% (–1.64;–1.02)*	–1.06% (–1.23;–0.89)*	0.27% (D↓)
Sulfonylureas	–1.34% (–1.55;–1.13)*	–1.04% (–1.24; –0.84)*	0.30% (D↓)
TZD	–0.21% (–0.24;–0.17)*	–0.22% (–0.25;–0.18)*	0.01 (ND↓)
DPP-4i	0.56% (0.49; 0.64)*	1.14% (1.00–1.29)*	0.58% (ND↑)
GLP-1a	0.13% (0.07–0.19)*	0.26% (0.17–0.35)*	0.13% (ND↑)
SGLT-2i	0.07% (0.01–0.12)*	0.28% (0.13–0.43)*	0.21% (ND↑)

TZD, thiazolidinediones; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors; GLP-1a, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists; SGLT-2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors; PS, propensity score; Beta coefficients represent slope of percent change in antidiabetic drug usage with advancing time (one-year increments) derived from the linear regression analysis (with one predictor); time period included 14 years prior and 12 years after index date (date of dementia diagnosis); D↑ larger percentual dispensation increase in the dementia cohort; D↓ larger percentual dispensation decrease in the dementia cohort; ND↑ larger percentual dispensation increase in dementia-free cohort; ND↓ larger percentual dispensation decrease in dementia-free cohort; ^*p < 0.001.