Fig.3.
Tooth extraction and damage to Vmes neurons. A, B) The maxillary first to third molars (M1–M3) of 4-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice and the sockets of the roots were covered by new bone (arrows) 1 month after tooth extraction. C) Fluorescence images of the Vmes and LC stained with Neuro Trace green. LC, locus coeruleus. D) In 4-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice, before tooth extraction, amyloid β1–42 (Aβ42)-IR neurons in the Vmes were found using an anti-Aβ42 antibody (BC05) and Aβ42-IR granules were distributed in Vmes neurons (d, rectangle in D). E) Fluorescence images of the Vmes and LC immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)/ATF3 at 2 weeks after tooth extraction. In addition to the TH immunoreactivity in the LC, some nuclei of Vmes neurons showed ATF3 immunoreactivity (arrows) (d, rectangle in D). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, E, 100μm; D, 30μm; d, 10μm, e, 20μm.